How the Earth below us is expanding - an analytical overview

2024 Author: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 15:55

Warming up of the bowels, the origin of the magnetic field, the formation of water and hydrocarbons, the energy of volcanoes, sinkholes, calendar reforms and the slowing down of the rotation of our planet - all these processes turn out to be interconnected and explainable from the point of view of the theory of "Originally hydride Earth". I would like to acquaint the reader with one more empirical proof of the correctness of this theory, which makes it possible to calculate the average annual change in the length of the equator.

Repeatedly, people's ideas about the structure of our planet melted like snow under the spring sun. And even now, in our enlightened age of scientific achievements and progress, as it turned out, we do not know everything about our common home floating across the vast expanses of Space. The theory of the expansion of the Earth is perhaps the very foundation on which a new building of knowledge about our beautiful planet will be built.

As you know, everything new is well forgotten old. More than a hundred years ago, back in 1889, an observant Russian engineer Ivan Yarkovsky came to the conclusion that the Earth is increasing in volume. In his opinion, some types of ether are absorbed by the earth and, being transformed into new chemical elements, lead to its expansion.

Alfred Wegener in the 30s of the last century already made out a similar line of the contours of the continents of America, Africa and the continent of Europe. The venerable polar explorer decided to have fun and play puzzles. Having folded them along the coastal edge of the Atlantic, he received … a single continent - Pangea (from other Greek - "all-earth", you can’t say more precisely!). This observation formed the basis of the theory of the movement of lithospheric plates and continental drift, recognized by the scientific world.

Further more. His follower Otto Christoph Hilgenberg decided to complicate the game by giving it volume. He transferred the idea from a map to a globe. The resulting models of the dynamics of the Earth's expansion, lined up like a Russian nesting doll, were successfully exhibited at the Polytechnic Museum in Berlin in 1933. From them it was possible to draw a stunning conclusion - if the volume of the Earth is reduced to the size of Mars, then the continents will coincide with each other, as in a mosaic pattern, with an accuracy of 94 percent!

I propose to conduct an experiment. Take a favorite children's toy balloon, slightly inflate it and paste over it with thin paper, and on top with another layer of it, cut and folded in the shape of the contours of the continents. Gradually filling the balloon with air, we will see that the paper will disperse at the seams in thinner places corresponding to the mid-ocean ridges, and the denser continental layers will spread over the surface of the balloon almost unchanged, giving way to the resulting oceans in the gaps. Nice fun. But at the time of the respected world builder Hilgenberg, she did not receive support. It was believed that such an increase in volume must be accompanied by a proportional increase in mass. And this was not observed. Later, in the process of studying the ocean floor, it turned out that it consists of rocks much younger than the continental plates, and this confirms the theory, because in the process of the Earth's expansion, not the mass, but the volume grows!

The hypothesis "Originally hydride Earth" by V. N. Larina

Almost 150 years have passed since the Russian chemical genius Dmitry Mendeleev put forward the theory of the inorganic origin of oil and gas, believing that in the bowels of the planet, in the kingdom of monstrous temperatures and pressures, there are all the conditions for their formation. Many decades later, it turned out that this hypothesis has common hydrogen roots with the substantiation of the theory of the expansion of the Earth.

“Our ideas about the thermodynamic and chemical conditions of the depths of our planet make us see them as environments favorable for the existence of hydrogenous bodies. Here, the activity of chemical reactions decreases, oxygen quickly disappears, metals such as iron begin to predominate more and more, and, apparently, the amount of hydrogen increases. At the same time, the temperature and pressure rise. All this should lead to the preservation of hydrogen compounds in these depths, including solutions of hydrogen in metals (Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky, Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences)

In the 80s of the last century, the "hypothesis of the metal-hydride structure of the Earth's core" was published by the famous Soviet geologist Vladimir Larin.

According to this theory, the core is composed of hydrogen compounds with metals. In this case, the lightest gas in a highly compressed state is dissolved in the crystal lattices of metals. Freeing themselves from this captivity, hydrogen molecules occupy a volume 550 times larger, while the heat necessary to warm up our planet is released. Hydrogen purging of the mantle takes place, and then an almost endless way upward through the multi-kilometer strata of rocks into the atmosphere. In this case, cavities are formed in the Earth, filling with the liberated hydrogen and its compounds.

The age of the ocean floor rocks according to NASA

In the mantle, part of the hydrogen, interacting with carbon, forms methane, from which natural gas (CH4), oil and asphalts are synthesized under the action of temperature and pressure. In the upper layers and on the surface, hydrogen combines with oxygen. Perhaps that is why up to 80% of the gas of any volcano is water vapor, and the rest contains hydrogen (for example, in the famous Sicilian Etna, it is 16.5%). Thanks to this process, the amount of water and the level of the world's oceans are growing steadily.

The lightest gas escaping from the underground captivity rushes upward, where in the upper atmosphere it reacts with the ozone layer, partially destroying it and forming water molecules, which crystallize in the form of beautiful nacreous and silvery clouds.

Since the days of the dinosaurs, oxygen in the air has almost halved. The proof is sunstone, which was once the common resin of ancient trees. Analysis of air bubbles enclosed in amber showed that there was about 40% oxygen in it.

In the sky soared, sparkling with wings, giant dragonflies with a wingspan of up to one meter. Since the respiratory organs of insects have a direct-flow structure, their size depends on the amount of inhaled oxygen. The decrease in its content in the atmosphere led to the crushing of the entire kingdom of insects. And the reason for such global changes could be the same hydrogen released from the depths, entering into a reaction and depleting the oxygen atmosphere, while generously replenishing the water reserves of the planet.

The concept of science about the structure of the Earth was largely changed by the Kola superdeep well drilled in the 70s of the last century. In particular, the rocks turned out to be less dense than it was believed, with a significant number of cracks, and asphalts were found at a depth of more than 9 km, which confirms Mendeleev's idea of the inorganic origin of hydrocarbons in the bowels of the Earth. These ideas were brilliantly confirmed offshore Vietnam. Under the basalt rocks at a distance of more than 3000 meters from the surface, the White Tiger oil field was discovered, which is still being successfully exploited, having already replenished the budgets of Russia and Vietnam by $ 5 billion. In addition, many empty wells begin to produce oil again after several years of inactivity. Consequently, the process of "black gold" formation continues.

On the surface of the Earth, especially in rift zones, there are outcrops of pure hydrogen, which can be used as a mineral. On our truly peninsula of treasures, which is part of the Crimean-Caucasian structure, in addition to the well-known oil and gas fields, there will certainly be such. I suggest curious readers, flying over the fields of the peninsula in the spring, to pay attention to the lightened circles on the soil. These are the outputs of pure hydrogen. And who knows, maybe in the very near future the beautiful land of Taurida will also become a precious source of environmentally friendly fuel feeding the economy of our Motherland.

Fresh arguments

A striking illustration in favor of the expansion of the Earth can serve as an analogy with the performance of athletes-figure skaters. Demonstrating their dizzying rotation, they either fold their arms or spread them wide, respectively, speeding up or slowing down the movement. The earth obeys the same laws of physics. Expanding, it slows down the rotation, proceeding from the law of conservation of angular momentum, and therefore, running around the star in a year, it must make fewer revolutions around its axis. And this will inevitably lead to a discrepancy between the calendar time and the solar time!

Since 1972, the International Earth Rotation Service has periodically added a Lead Second, which is the difference between the time calculated from the atomic clock and the mean solar time. Since the observation, 27 leap seconds have been introduced, which means that the year has increased by about one minute over the past century! (Therefore, calendars have to be adjusted periodically.) Such a slowdown cannot be explained by the influence of the Moon, which leaves only 0.19 sec / century, but fits perfectly into the theory of the expansion of the Earth as a physical body. According to my calculations, with such an increase in the volume of the planet, the length of the equator increases by an average of 38 cm per year.

Another more recent argument in favor of the hydride theory of the Earth's core was found, without knowing it, by US scientists. While examining the granites, they found small isolated cavities of water in which amazing microbes were discovered. They live without the sun and oxygen, extracting the necessary energy exclusively from hydrogen seeping through dense rocks. Without such replenishment, the unfortunate microorganisms, having absorbed all the hydrogen without residue, would have long since died of exhaustion. But the core of the Earth continues to generate hydrogen and, apparently, in the next millions of years, starvation does not threaten these bacteria, just as humanity is not threatened to be left without oil and gas!

The future belongs to hydrogen energy

Despite such a convincing and harmonious evidence base, Larin's theory has not yet become generally accepted. It would seem that a beautiful hypothesis was buried under a multi-kilometer layer of heavy basalt of the dominant doctrines. But the grain of truth with its sprouts breaks through like spring grass through the asphalt. In the fall of 2015, Doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences, Academician Vladimir Polevanov supported the Larin theory. The scientist clearly demonstrated the numerous consequences of the outflow of hydrogen from the bowels, clearly visible in the photographs from Space: the sudden appearance of lakes and craters of ideally round shape, sometimes accompanied by explosions; the formation of annular tracks on ice and soil, for which no other explanation was found. Developing his thoughts, he spoke about the renewability of oil and gas in depleted fields, as well as support for the formation of state programs for research in the field of hydrogen energy.

These arguments did not go unnoticed. Sergei Glazyev, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Advisor to the President of the Russian Federation, emphasized the revolutionary significance of Larin's theory for the world economy. It was noted that each economic development cycle (Kondratyev Cycles) had its own energy carrier: first it was firewood, coal (carbon), then oil and fuel oil (heavy hydrocarbons), then gasoline and kerosene (medium hydrocarbons), now gas (the lightest hydrocarbon), and pure hydrogen should become the main energy carrier of future generations!