Peasant War 1773-1775 Where are the peasants?

2024 Author: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 15:55

Before starting the analysis of the events of 240 years ago, I would like to outline the purpose of my work.

Do not in any way sow national enmity or anything like that. The goal is to try to open the veil over the secret of Pugachev, in order to avoid a repetition of the bloody scenarios of 1773-1775.

The lack of clarity in understanding the events of those years made it possible to repeat the bloody events of the fratricidal war at the beginning of the 20th century in the same territories, and now the "Stars and Stripes" would gladly play another similar card called Kazakhstan.

The division of territories along ethnic lines is nothing more than a time bomb.

A great many books, articles, publications have been written on the theme of the events of 1773-1775, called the Peasant War. Surprisingly, almost all authors of these works apply not to the source … This attitude can be compared to listening to an opera performed by a neighbor.

Mikhail Volk indicated quite correctly the direction of the search for answers to the questions of the past years in the reading of the original texts.

Interest in the works of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, in part, was spurred on by the attempt of the authors of the new chronology to denigrate the name of the poet, genius, patriot of their Fatherland:

“The war with Pugachev was extremely distorted by the pen of Romanov historians. A. S. also had a hand in this. Pushkin in his famous "History of Pugachev".

Citizens Nosovsky and Fomenko deliberately distort the facts, talking about 36 pages.

The fact is that Pushkin's work "The History of the Pugachev Revolt" contains two parts. In the first 297 pages, in the second - 344 … Additionally, "Notes on the riot" were published, which contain translations of foreign texts and much more interesting.

Repeatedly noticed that the poet put the most interesting statement or phrase at the end of any block.

Pulling the phrase out of context, Nosovsky-Fomenko changed its meaning (see in the same video about Pugachev). This phrase is taken from the preface, underlined in blue the sentence as it sounds in the video. Read the entire text and feel the difference.

It is noteworthy that one of his "revealing" videos Nosovsky-Fomenko begins with the words "what the British encyclopedia let slip about." Actually, by doing so they make it clear whose interests they are trying to, because what the British edition can say about it, you can see here.

This is the paragraph that ends with Remarks on the Riot:

The moral world, just like the physical, has its own phenomena that can frighten any curious person who dares to consider them. If you believe the philosophers that a person consists of two elements: good and evil, then Emelka. Pugachev undoubtedly belonged to rare phenomena, to monsters, born outside the laws of nature; for in his nature there was not even the slightest spark of good, that good principle, that spiritual part that distinguishes an intelligent creation from a meaningless animal. The story of this villain can amaze the vicious and inspire disgust even in the most robbers and murderers. At the same time, it proves how low a person can fall and what hellish malice his heart can be filled with. If the deeds of Pugachev were subject to the slightest doubt, I would gladly tear this page out of my work.».

Remember these two key messages - one of the foreword about good faith, second, about the doubts of the actions of Pugachev.

"That was all the adage was …".

Imagine that there would have been television at the end of the 18th century.

1773, somewhere in St. Petersburg:

"Drunken villains and robbers, bastards, rioters led by Emelka Pugachev drive around the lands of the Orenburg province, seize the fortresses of the Yaik defensive line, burn down fortresses, rob factories, churches, kill nobles, peasants, clergy …"

1773, somewhere in Orenburg province:

“The troops of the St. Petersburg junta, which supported the armed coup d'etat of 1762, which resulted in the assassination of Karl Peter Ulrich Golstein-Gottorp, led by Major General Kar, were defeated near the village of Yuzeeva. From the side of the troops of the junta, artillery attacks on the villages of the Orenburg province were repeatedly noted. Yesterday Augusta Frederica of Anhalt-Zerbst, who calls herself Catherine the Great, made a speech in the Senate, where she called for an increase in the number of troops due to the second wave of mobilization and send them to the southeast ….

A couple of years ago, I would have called it a bad joke. I don’t think so today.

The methods of information warfare were not invented yesterday and have not changed much during their existence, mainly adhering to the principle "the more lies, the more faith."

The picture of those years is well complemented by an interesting version of the events preceding the war of 1773-1775, set out in the article by Igor Grek, as well as the picture of the world during the reign of Catherine II.

After carefully reading the "History of the Pugachev rebellion" at some point I caught myself thinking that they were saving Russia from such villains as.

During the chase, Pugachev burns almost all the captured fortresses and settlements.

And what is surprising, the people continue to go to him in thousands, even after the destruction of factories, the destruction of churches, the murder of civilians and priests.

An example of an ambiguous expression used by Pushkin.

The number of Pugachev's troops at some moments reaches several thousand, during the battle for Kazan and at all - 25 thousand.

A picture of the scale of the war

I wonder who Rainsdorp considered "innovators"?

Remembering the population density of the cities of those years, it becomes clear that this is not a riot or uprising. There is a full-scale war.

The scale of hostilities is best illustrated by the map, the absence of which, in fact, complained about Pushkin in his "Remarks on the revolt":

Criticism of Mr. Bronevsky

To Chapter VI 6, the footnote is missing. See pages 123 and 55.

Many places and even cities and fortresses are not marked on the map. This makes the reader extremely difficult.

Explanation

The numbers denoting a reference to a comment are a typo.

The map is far from complete; but this was necessary, and I did not have the opportunity to compose another, more perfect one.

Let's eliminate this drawback

The search for an answer to the question of what was happening in Siberia at that time led me to the book Andrey Iosifovich Andrushchenko "Peasant war of 1773-1775", printed in 1969.

After reading this work, the last doubts have disappeared as to whether this war was a peasant war.

Fact the absence of most of the originals of documents drawn up by Pugachev and his associates, only confirmed my belief in the version of falsification of events.

I have accumulated material for more than one article, therefore, without observing the chronology of events, I will cite the brightest moments and contradictions that A. S. Pushkin, and which are confirmed by the work of A. I. Andrushchenko.

In composing his work, Pushkin in 1834 hoped for "a historian who would be allowed to print out the Pugachev case." And what we see from such a historian, almost 200 years after the suppression of the "peasant revolt":

Excuse me, so you can make notes for a thousand years that the case has been little studied.

To answer unequivocally the question of who Emelyan Ivanov's son Pugachev really was, open sources do not allow, much like the participation of Generalissimo Suvorov in this war.

Despite Pugachev's "overseas tour" before his appearance on the Yaik River in 1773, described in the "History of the Pugachev Revolt" (hereinafter IPB), the investigating commission did not find the participation of foreign agents on the side of the rebels:

On the other hand, as I have already noted, on the side of the government forces and among the highest officials there were many persons with foreign roots.

A link to the manifesto of Catherine II of December 4, 1762 on the invitation of foreign colonists to settle in Russia came across on the network.

The content of the manifestos and decrees of 1773-1775 is interesting.

Senate decree on December 13, 1773:

This wording means that the territories were relatively recently taken under control and there were no representatives of the authorities on the ground. (overseers)

Manifesto December 23, 1773:

Manifesto of December 19, 1774 - about the crimes of the Cossack Pugachev.

In these two manifestos, Catherine II does not get tired of repeating about the providence of God, as a result of which she assumed power (in fact, having carried out an armed coup d'etat).

In the IPb, Pugachev and the "villains" are often depicted drunk. Pushkin used this technique in order to show the lack of unconsciousness of the actions of the "rebels". It must be understood that he could not write anything else within the framework of censorship. For the same reasons, in the IPB we do not see the names and surnames of the leaders of the Pugachev detachments, only nicknames. Hence the numerous "bastards", "villains", "rabble". The poet could only leave hints.

The assumption confirms the presence Military Collegium among the "gangs of rioters"

Discipline issues in the troops of Pugachev

Orders and medals

Use of banners by "gangs of villains"

This is probably why Golitsyn was surprised by the well-coordinated actions of the Pugachevites

In the IPB jokingly, Pugachev's entourage calls themselves like Catherine's entourage, and the settlements Byrd, Kargala and Sakmara are compared with Moscow, St. Petersburg and Kiev.

It is possible that by such a comparison of cities, the author could indicate the opposing sides: a war between two states.

Application deserves a separate topic artillery in the war of 1773-1775

Here it would be possible to quote the entire chapter, it is so bright, but you have to limit yourself to excerpts.

For non-foundry people, such descriptions of events may not be striking.

Casting cannons, like any other technological metal products, simply won't work out of fright. Throwing away the plow won't pour the cannon. We need craftsmen who know the technology of casting.

You don't have to go far for examples. At present, in Russia, since the beginning of the privatization, many industries have been destroyed, including the foundry.

With the onset of market relations, it became more profitable for merchants to purchase foundry products in neighboring China.

Now try to answer yourself, how quickly is it possible to launch foundry in our country in the face of a fall in the national currency rate and other favorable economic factors, but in the absence of technology and craftsmen in the required quantity?

Returning to the events of 1773, one could, of course, say that at these factories and before the start of the war, production worked for the government.

But then where did the "peasants" get the weapons made using secret technologies?

Another episode concerning the guns.

Coinage

The methods used by numismatists to determine the coins are unknown to me.

Faced in practice with the fact of misinterpretation of the inscription on the coin of the "Bosporan kingdom", I would not be surprised that the coins of the times of Pugachev were not "found".

In the IPB I met a mention of Tomsk regiment, which was located in Moscow.

In Andrushchenko's book, the seventh chapter is devoted to the participation of Siberia.

Based on the accepted name of the war of 1773-1775, as a peasant war, it is logical to assume that the preconditions for the beginning of the revolt among the "peasants" should have been the same throughout the area of its origin.

Looking at the map of Siberian cities in the early 18th century in the works of S. U. Remezov and accepting the official version of the settlement of these lands, a disagreement arises regarding the struggle of the peasants against serfdom.

The very participation of Siberia in the war of 1773-1775. became a discovery for me.

I decided to see what events of those years marked the cities in Siberia.

It turns out that in 1773 (in the official version, the trouble happened in the summer), almost the entire city of Krasnoyarsk burned out: out of 350 houses, 30 remained.

Perhaps the fire coincidentally fell on a war year.

Noteworthy is the list of cities in which there were fires that year. It is curious that on the eve of the "peasant war" fires engulfed the cities of the western part of Russia.

After comparing the facts of the diligent participation of the Tomsk regiment in the suppression of the "bastards" in 1773-1775.

the cool temper of the military squad of Krasnoyarsk

subordination of Krasnoyarsk to the Tomsk province formed in 1804

the fire in Krasnoyarsk in 1773 no longer seems to be such a random event.

Clergy and Church

Just as in the course of reading the IPb, you catch yourself thinking who is saving from whom, while describing robberies and murders in the next city or fortress captured by Pugachev, you begin to understand the absurdity of the story.

As I said above, after all the "atrocities" attributed by the official version to Pugachev, his ranks continue to grow. Although, according to the logic of things, with each subsequent robbery, a wave of discontent from the civilian population and the clergy should grow.

In addition, it is no coincidence that A. S. Pushkin immediately after the departure of Pugachev from the plundered city "brings" government troops there.

In the note to the eighth chapter there is a list of plundered churches and temples, people of different ranks and estates killed. The number of clergymen who died, allegedly at the hands of the rioters, is striking.

for a more convenient perception, transferred the data to the table

of the killed about 90 - clergy, more than half are named.

Pugachev and the church in the IPb.

In the second part of the IPb, a statement about the veneration of church holidays by the Cossacks

About the initial plans of Pugachev

GENERAL REMARKS

All black people were for Pugachev. The clergy welcomed him, not only priests and monks, but also archimandrites and bishops. One nobility was openly on the side of the government. Pugachev and his accomplices first wanted to win over the nobles to their side, but their benefits were too opposite.

The attitude of the clergy to the war among A. I. Andrushchenko

Meeting of the clergy of the troops of Pugachev in Petrovsk.

On observance of church holidays by the Cossacks

In his work, Andrushchenko sometimes refers to the war civil, and government troops - punitive.

From the episode below, many points become clear that seemed so contradictory in Pushkin's works:

On the example of the Vyazovsky redoubt (Vyazovka)

In 1773 the population of the redoubt went over to the side of the Pugachev uprising. To intercept government couriers and monitor the movement of tsarist troops from the Orsk fortress behind the Vyazovsky redoubt, a military outpost was set up at the mines by the Pugachevites. Traces of ancient copper mines have survived to this day in the form of pits and high dumps. In the XVIII century. these mines belonged to the breeders Mosolov, Tverdyshev and Myasnikov. …

Comparing the scale of the 1773-1775 war, the number of participants, it can be assumed that the industry of the Urals, if not destroyed, was undermined very much.

The aftermath of the war

Within the framework of this article, not all the contradictory points contained in the works of A. S. Pushkin regarding the events of the war of 1773-1775.

The version of events around Orenburg and the Burdskaya settlement has been added to a separate post. Among all the oddities associated with the city of Orenburg, the question of fortress, which they defended so valiantly for 6 months.

In fact, at present, not a trace remains of it. But in the Berdskaya Sloboda there are attributes associated with Pugachev. Although, following the logic of the official version of the history of those years, it should have been the other way around …

CONCLUSIONS

In this work, I tried to reveal the meaning that A. S. Pushkin laid in his writings about the war of 1773-1775.

It is known that A. S. Pushkin devoted several years of his life to studying the events of more than 50 years ago, worked in the archive, and traveled to Orenburg. It is also known that he was under surveillance, the censor of his work was the king himself.

The fact that neither the censors, nor the readers and researchers of his works in the next 180 years were able to discern the hidden meaning embedded in the works "The History of the Pugachev Revolt", "Notes on the Riot", "The Captain's Daughter", "The Tale of the Dead Princess", "The Tale of the Golden Cockerel", "The Tale of the Goldfish" speaks of the poet's genius.

Perhaps I did not list all the works related to the time of the poet's work with documents on the war of 1773-1775, but I am sure that only when reading them at the same time you can get a complete picture, put a puzzle.

In addition to prose, he also included fairy tales in the list for the reason that the author himself treated them as follows:

“A fairy tale is a fairy tale,” he said, “but our language is by itself, and nowhere can one give it this Russian expanse, as in a fairy tale. And how to do it - it would be necessary to do in order to learn to speak Russian and not in a fairy tale … No, it is difficult, it is impossible yet! And what a luxury, what a meaning, what is the use of every proverb of ours! What a gold! And it is not given in the hands, no!.

By the way, only in these tales of 1833-1834. the word “ gold ».

Except for the "Golden Horde", with this word nothing else comes to mind …

ZY Names such as Emelyan Pugachev and Salavat Yulaev are still alive in the people's memory, settlements, streets, and a hockey team are named after the "villains".

The same cannot be said about the participants in the events who fought on the side of the government forces.

Tags for the Planet Earth program, as well as other materials used in the preparation of this article.