Secrets of underground Moscow

2024 Author: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 15:55

Are archaeologists, historians and geologists correctly interpreting what they find deep beneath the walls of the Kremlin? Or are such reports a specially created opinion for TV viewers? After all, a more plausible version of the change of the poles, which assumes periodic drifts of Moscow and the Kremlin by mudflows, that is, soil or clay with sand, explains all these facts easily, moreover, it is almost impossible to find other intelligible explanations.

So, the official version says the following:

1. The loopholes in the Kremlin at a depth of 9 meters are impressive. Why make loopholes in the foundation? The only logical version is that the wall with loopholes used to be ABOVE the Earth's surface.

2. Nine meters of garbage (the so-called cultural layer) INSIDE the Kremlin for 500 years - it was necessary to arrange a landfill there, otherwise there is simply nowhere to take such an amount of garbage. That is, within the framework of the official version, the tsars brought garbage from all over Moscow right under their doorstep - inside the Kremlin. And how do you like this assumption of official science? All agree?)

3. A well dug inside the tower WITH A VACED, which is located at a depth of 10 meters (!). That is, first they dug a pit 10 meters deep, BUILT a tower with a vault in this pit, then dug a well there, and then BURGED the tower … Do you take the Kremlin builders for idiots?

It is more likely that at the depth of the found well, we observe the level of the Earth's surface on the territory of the Kremlin of the 15th century - BEFORE the last change of poles.

Drawings and prints by Giovanni Battista Piranesi (1720-1778) clearly testify to the powerful and destructive flood in the Middle Ages in Italy.

Of the well-known Moscow dungeons, except for the semi-legendary Metro-2 and the library of Ivan the Terrible, one can name the Neglinka River chained in stone and the basement system of an apartment building on Solyanka.

What are the dungeons of the house on Solyanka?

This is the view opens up to those who have been there

But at the beginning, a little excursion into the official history.

In the 16th century, at the corner of "the street from the Barbarian Gate to the Ivanovsky Monastery" and "the big street to the Yauz Gate", the wealthy merchant Nikitnikov established the Salt Fish Yard. Here they stored and traded salt and its special grade - potash (potassium carbonate), as well as salted fish. The ensemble had a vast courtyard with warehouses (barns) and shops. The main gate was marked by a high tower with a guardhouse, and next to it there was another, small gate. There were no street windows on the ground floor - to protect against thieves. The shops had separate entrances. The barns for storing salt were built with vaults supported by powerful pillars. Probably, they had a basement floor, which was not inferior in area to the above-ground one.

Years later, the nearby streets acquired the names - Solyanka and Bolshoy Ivanovsky Lane (in 1961 it was renamed Zabelina Street). In 1912, the dilapidated barns and shops of the former Salt Yard began to be dismantled for the construction of a tenement house. When they began to dig the foundation pit, they found a treasure. The jugs contained 13 poods (about 200 kg, almost half a million pieces) of coins from the reign of Ivan the Terrible, Fyodor Ioannovich and Boris Godunov. The coins, apparently, were the proceeds of the Salt Yard for a certain period, hidden and forgotten during the Time of Troubles. In the process of avariciously sharing this wealth, a construction contractor was injured. The policeman who came to the noise seized only 13 pounds (7 kg, 9 thousand coins), but they were later returned to the discoverers, after being examined by the Archaeological Commission.

For the construction of houses, the Moscow Merchant Company bought a plot of irregular shape from different owners and announced a competition for the best project. A group of architects won: V. V. Sherwood, I. A. German and A. E. Sergeev. They did what the developers required: they used the intricate shape of the site as closely as possible, expanded the building both upward and inward. The house in the neoclassical style was decorated with stucco molding, incongruously overlooking the courtyards-wells, inside there are luxurious apartments with windows to the same place.

This house:

But the most interesting feature of the house is hidden from prying eyes. This is an incredible basement with high vaults, wide corridors where two cars can easily pass, and many interior spaces. The Modellmix group has made a magnificent model of one of the buildings of the house together with the entire basement on a scale of 1: 100. For whom this model was made and where it is now is unknown, but the photographs give an idea of the grandeur of the underground part of the house.

I looked at the photo of this layout for a long time and tried to understand how it was built and why such titanic efforts were put into the dungeons? Because the underground part is not so deep, then according to the technology, it was first necessary to dig a pit, build this entire block of bricks (on a strong foundation), erect floors, and then bury it back. Remove the remaining soil. Can you imagine the challenge for the 16th century? Such a process is still a grandiose construction project. And even more so at that time. And here are some thoughts in connection with this I have. Previously, it was the above-ground part of ancient Moscow. Perhaps there were also floors above these buildings, which were demolished by the same medieval flood, the consequences of which are shown in the drawings Giovanni Battista Piranesi On some of these structures that remained under the ground (since this is an excellent foundation), new buildings were erected. And some of them remained underground. Later they were cleared and used as storage barns.

This underground quarter is also very reminiscent of European medieval quarters. Living quarters and narrow streets are still closely adjacent:

Perhaps during this cataclysm, the library of Ivan the Terrible was also lost. It is located somewhere in a littered building and is waiting in the wings. And are these the only dungeons in Moscow of this scale and area?

This, of course, is a version, but can someone explain the fact of such a grandiose underground construction?

Let's continue our tour of the dungeon:

This is how the basement looks compared to the surrounding landscape. It occupies the entire space under the buildings of the house, courtyards and a wide internal passage:

After the revolution, the house passed into the jurisdiction of the People's Commissariat of Railways. In the 1970s-1980s, the basement of the house was used as a garage for police cars, but due to high humidity, they quickly fell into disrepair. During Perestroika, the garages were given to the residents of the houses, and in the 1990s hucksters settled here, interrupting the numbers and dismantling the stolen cars. In 2002, two diggers drew up a rough plan for the basement. If you compare it with the above diagram, you can see how few rooms they managed to describe, but the efforts of the guys undoubtedly deserve praise.

Let's see what this dungeon is currently like:

Arched floors are made of the same brick. They knew how to build!

In some places, already in our time, the ceiling is reinforced with reinforced concrete at the beginning of the XX century.

Most likely, this column was built in our time with the same purpose to prevent collapse

The basement walls are about a meter thick, but in many places thin brick partitions have been erected, crushing the halls into small closets and nooks, littered with perennial debris.

The basements are 5 m high, two-level, and in some places three-level structure. In the underground part of the building there are roads where oncoming cars can freely pass.

Like a street or carriageway

Here's another very interesting fact:

In 1972-1974, when laying a foundation pit on both sides of the Mausoleum, 15 meters from the Kremlin wall, the western wall of the Alevizov ditch was discovered. This is how the archaeologists of the Kremlin described it: “The top of the wall lies only half a meter from the modern surface of the earth. It was not possible to reach the bottom of the ditch when reaching the design level of the pit (-10 meters). The inner wall of the moat turned out to be similar to the Kremlin one. One facade of the wall, facing the inside of the ditch, was smooth and inclined towards the Kremlin by 1.1 meters by 10 meters in height. Another facade of the wall, facing the Kremlin, consisted of arches and was vertical. The Kremlin walls are arranged in a similar way. The depth of the arches is 1.6 meters. The width of the arch at a depth of 10 meters was 11.5 meters. The distance between the arches is 5 meters. The wall is 4 meters thick. The western wall of the moat was built of bricks on a white stone foundation."

You can also recall these excavations in the Moscow Kremlin:

It can be seen that the frame of the building has been preserved under a multi-meter "cultural layer", as archaeologists call it. But even a fool understands that there is no clay-silt cultural layer without cataclysms. The cultural layer is humus and garbage.

The cut of the log shows that the wood has been preserved in excellent condition, has not rotted, as it should have passed over a long time with the accumulation of a cultural layer of such a thickness.

As you can easily see, the frame or the house was completely buried under a thick layer of soil, without falling apart or decaying from time to time, and there (under the ground) it was conserved, which is why it was preserved almost without damage. A dendrological study of logs from a log house would be very helpful here, according to them it is possible to determine the date of sawing a tree with an accuracy of up to a year.