Russia and Tartary in the book of the XVI century. Unexpected facts

2024 Author: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 15:55

How to fill in the gaps in the history of Russian-Tatar relations? Of course, there is an option to use the services of psychics, but before taking such radical measures, let's take a look at a truly unique work created in the 16th century by an Austrian ambassador who twice visited the Russian state and later described it in detail in his book “News of Muscovite affairs”-“Rerum Moscoviticarum Commentarii”.

This Austrian personally knew the Russian ruler Vasily III and the Turkish Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent. The name of the ambassador was Sigismund von Herberstein.

Let's start this time machine and see Moscow through the eyes of a foreign diplomat, learn from local residents little-known facts about local customs, geographical and historical details of that distant era.

BASIC DATA ABOUT THE PEOPLE OF RUSSIA OR MOSCOW

The book, published in Latin in Vienna in 1549, is based on reports and notes compiled for the rulers of the Holy Roman Empire - Maximilian and Ferdinand during Herberstein's stay as ambassador to the court of Basil III - namely in 1518 and 1527 … Proficiency in the Slavic language opened up a wide field of research for the Austrian. Sigismund began to collect more or less reliable information about this exotic country, because before him the bulk of Western sources about Russia were based on banal rumors from those who were somehow related to Muscovy. Until now, in the minds of Europeans slip through the details of Russian culture, which were originally described on the pages of Izvestia about the affairs of the Muscovites. After all, what is good for a Russian is death for a German. Therefore, many of the horrors from Herberstein in fact could be just scarecrows.

For example, here is an interesting detail: according to the descriptions of the Austrian, the Russian people under Vasily III pronounced the letter “g” as the Ukrainian “gh”: “Yukhra”, “Volkha”. Herberstein also says: the Russians themselves believed that the word “Rus” comes from the word “Scattering” - that is, “dispersion”.

It turns out that the word "Rosseya" has common, so-called Indo-European roots. _2_bis_3_Jh._PR_DSC_1315_przeworsk-j.webp

Now wait a second: vandals are an ancient people, according to the official version of history. The last Vandal king ruled allegedly in the 6th century AD. And here - the XVI century! The difference is ten centuries! And this is far from the only case when antiquity and the Middle Ages merge together on the pages of contemporaries. For more details about the facts of the transformation of the Middle Ages into antiquity, see the video "Antiquity was not."

Further, Herberstein writes that the Germans, using the name of the Vandals alone, call everyone who speaks Slavic the same Vendians, Windows or Winds.

RUSSIA RULES OF BROTHERS-SLAVS

Elsewhere in the book, Herberstein notes that, according to Russian chronicles, the inhabitants of Russia called the Varangians or Vagrs to reign. The Varangian Sea, that is, the "Sea of the Varangians", the Russians call the Baltic or German Sea, the Austrian specifies.

But it was precisely there, in the north of modern Germany, where the cities of Shverin, Rostok, Varen, Berlin or Berlin are located, where the Vandals, Vagrs, Varangians lived, that is, they were encouraged; there Herberstein places their capital, Wagriya.

And here the author clarifies:

“Moreover, the vandals then not only differed in power, but also had a common language, customs and faith with the Russians, then, in my opinion, it was natural for the Russians to call upon themselves the sovereigns of the Vagrs, in other words, the Varangians, and not to cede power to foreigners who were different from them both by faith, and by customs, and by language”.

As we can see, the respected and now deceased Mikhail Zadornov came to exactly the same conclusions in his research. Interestingly, in the Latin original of Herberstein's book, Rurik's name is written as Rurickh, which is very reminiscent of Vandal. For example, Gunderich, Hilderich … and here's Rurich for comparison.

It is hard to believe that every Schlötzer-Bayer did not know about the book of their fellow countryman, Sigismund von Herberstein, which describes the history of the Russian people and its rulers. Thus, the composition of the Norman theory of the origin of Russian statehood in the 18th century had a purely political basis.

It is curious that, speaking of the three Varangian brothers - Rurik, Sineus and Truvor, the Austrian ambassador under Vasily III wrote:

"According to the bragging rights of the Russians, these three brothers were descended from the Romans, just as, in his own words, the current Grand Duke of Moscow."

It turns out that the Varangians, called to rule Russia, had Roman roots. Now they twirled it! Although, if we consider that the Varangians were Slavs, Vandals, it is quite possible: they got a relationship with the Romans through the Etruscans. Is there another version? - write in the comments to the article.

VOLGA - RA - ITIL

Or here's another detail that not everyone knows. If you are interested in alternative history, you must have read in ancient sources that the Volga River had two additional names - the first "Itil" and the second - "Ra". The first of them is Tatar. What language do you think the second came from? Sigismund Herberstein is sure - from Greek. And you thought - from which one?)) As an option, we can assume that this word passed from Egyptian to Greek during the reign of the Ptolemaic dynasty. But this is just a version.

RUSSIANS AND Scythians - FROM ONE ANCESTOR

Further more. Herberstein writes:

“They (that is, the Russians) know about their origin only what their chronicles tell us. Let's retell them. This Slavic people descended from the tribe of Japheth; he once lived on the Danube, where now Hungary and Bulgaria. Having settled and then scattered over various lands, they began to be called according to these regions …”.

Here Herberstein puts a bold equals sign between the Slavs and the Scythians, because they were also descendants of Japheth, according to the Scriptures. And recent DNA results confirm that the Sarmatians, Scythians, Saki were Slavs.

More on this in the video "Tartary - the Russian state".

MOSCOWITTS AND TATARS

And now a little Tataria. Herberstein writes that from 6745 from the creation of the world, according to Russian chronicles, that is, from 1237 AD, up to the present (that is, the Third) Basil, who ruled since 1505, “there were no supreme rulers in Russia, but only princes over whom the Tatars were supreme rulers”. Does this mean that 1480 as the date for the end of dependence on the Horde is wrong?

Here, for example, is a description of the reign of Ivan the Third, the grandfather of Ivan the fourth:

Or here's another excerpt:

This is such a "Santa Barbara".

It is curious how Herberstein describes the behavior of a Russian, a Tatar and a Turk in the event of surrender to the enemy. “The Muscovite, as soon as he starts to flee, no longer thinks of any other salvation than flight; overtaken and caught by the enemy, he does not defend himself and does not ask for mercy.

A Tatar, thrown from a horse, having lost all weapons, even a seriously wounded one, as a rule, fights back with his hands, feet, teeth, in general, until and how he can until his last breath.

The Turk, seeing that he has lost all help and hope of salvation, humbly asks for mercy, throwing down his weapon and stretching out his arms folded together to the conqueror to bind them; by surrender he hopes to save his life."

TATARIA OR HORDE?

This is what Sigimund Herberstein wrote about the inhabitants of Tatarstan:

“The Tatars are divided into hordes and call their country or kingdom the Horde, the first place among which was taken by the Trans-Volga Horde both in glory and in numbers, as they say that all the other hordes originated from it. “Horde” in their language means “assembly” or “multitude”. However, every Horde has its own name, namely: Zavolzhskaya, Perekopskaya, Nogayskaya and many others who all profess the Mohammedan faith; however, if they are called Turks, they are dissatisfied, considering it a dishonor. The name “besermeny” (obviously, “basurmans”) pleases them, and the Turks also like to call themselves by this name. Since the Tatars inhabit different and far and widespread lands, they do not quite resemble each other in their customs and way of life”.

Such interesting details about the Russian state and Tataria of the 16th century were found on the pages of a unique book by Sigismund Herberstein.

A video on this topic, see the link: