Sergey Korolev is a genius inventor

2024 Author: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 15:55

Sergei Pavlovich Korolev (1907 - 1966) was born in Zhitomir. I met the revolution in Odessa. Korolev's life did not spoil. The difficult relationship between the parents and their subsequent divorce forced Sergei, even in his youth, to take on the independent education of his character. He spent his childhood with his grandmother. During the civil war, during the counter-revolution, his best friend Opanas was killed - this was the first tragedy in the life of the young Korolev.

Schools did not work then - Sergei studied at home. Already in those years, he was forever and seriously carried away by flying into the sky. Designing and building aircraft became the most important thing in the world for him, he read articles on aviation, design and aircraft modeling. Noticing the hobbies of his stepson, his stepfather Grigory Mikhailovich took him to a modeling circle. At the same time, Sergei worked in the production workshop of the school - the students made materials from wood: rakes, hatchets, shovels.

Things started to improve. The hydro group became his guiding star, the carpentry school came in handy - Sergei began to create gliders. But this is not the only occupation that fascinates him, he showed other abilities. For example, he attended mathematical and astronomical circles, gymnastics and boxing sections, managed to go to musical and literary evenings, and often bought books.

In 1923, the people of the USSR received a call to build their own air fleet. At the same time, the Society of Aeronautics and Aviation of Ukraine and Crimea was created, where Sergei immediately became a member of this society. Once Sergei was late for dinner, and his mother asked him why he came so late. Sergei's answer surprised my mother a little: "I read lectures on gliding at the plant to the workers, because I am the instructor of this circle."

During his studies, Sergei met his first love, Xenia Vincentini, who had to share the bitterness of the most difficult years of the future designer. But Sergey was worried most of all by another question: his project to create his first glider. And following the intended goal, he achieved success - in July 1924, his project was fully established.

In August of the same year, Sergei received a certificate of secondary education with the specialty of a bricklayer and a tile tile. Having received an education and a specialty, Korolev dares to take on a more serious matter: build airplanes and fly them. But to achieve this goal, he needed to enter the Air Force Academy, and he insisted, despite the resistance of his mother. Making sure that it was impossible to convince her son, Maria Nikolayevna agreed.

But the path to the dream was incredibly difficult, one might even say cruel and somewhat unfair. Sergei's father passed away forever, and the country was often endangered from within. But the will of this person could not be broken by the most difficult trials - what led forward was stronger than adversity and torment.

Oddly enough, but it was his mother, who pushed him towards the desired goal, for many years hindered this with all her might. She did not want her son to get hurt, and even worse, he crashed on an airplane, and therefore in every possible way persuaded him and directed him in a different direction. But just when Sergei faced the problem of entering the Air Force Academy, his mother Maria Nikolaevna helped him. The fact is that for admission it was required to serve in the Red Army and reach 18 years old, but the mother asked to make an exception for her son, attaching a certificate confirming the fact of the project of the K-5 non-motorized aircraft.

While the commission was making a decision, on August 19, 1924, Sergei entered the institute in Kiev. The Moscow Academy remained on the sidelines.

At the institute where Sergei studied, the aviation department did not work out. This news greatly upset him - a mug for work was sorely lacking. But the rector VF Bobrov advised those wishing to get an aviation technical education, transfer to the Moscow Higher Technical School or make an attempt to enter the Air Force Academy. Sergei, without delaying a day, leaves Moscow, where his mother has already achieved an exception to accept her son as a listener.

In August 1926, Sergei arrived in Moscow. When he tried to enter the Moscow Higher Technical School, he was refused. But Korolev did not lose hope and, having collected all the documents, again went to the Moscow Higher Technical School. After talking with the dean, he was enrolled in a special evening group on aeromechanics. Dreams come true. A gliding school was opened in Moscow, ideas were born one after another, and the main event was already near.

And then the moment came, which became a turning point for Korolev, he met a man who managed to make a huge and useful impression on him, he was Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky. This meeting became decisive in the life of Sergei Pavlovich: the dream of flying into space grew into reality. Building rockets and flying them - that was the meaning of his whole life.

But before the implementation of the main goal was still far away, Korolev continued to build gliders and diligently develop jet engines. He realized a simple, but important thing for himself: without strong engines, aviation will not advance far.

Oddly enough, back in 1933, Korolev promised that within four to five years he would give the country engines capable of speeds up to 1000 km. at one o'clock. But according to a false report, he was accused of sabotage, and in September 1938 he was sentenced to 10 years in prison in forced labor camps with disqualification for five years. Not only jet development remained aside, but also large-caliber missiles with speeds of up to 800 - 1000 meters per second …

Two years later, Korolev was transferred to the Design Bureau under the leadership of A. N. Tupolev, where he took part in the design of the PE-2 and TU-2 aircraft. Other prisoners also worked with him. Living conditions improved, but the charges against Korolev were not dropped.

In 1939, the war broke out. In the early 40s, when the Nazis were striving for the pinnacle of world domination, humanity was on the verge of enslavement. In northeastern Germany at the Peenemünde test site, V-2 ballistic missiles were developed. On England, mainly on London, shells delivered by a rocket rained down. Hitler dreamed of revenge and destruction and spared no expense in bombing Britain. The results did not satisfy the Germans - the missiles were launched more and more often.

But it was then that the war lifted the mechanism that served as the beginning of the cosmic "epic"; and then the first seeds were laid, which managed to bring great results in the development of extraterrestrial space.

Learning from newspapers about the bombing of Britain with ballistic missiles, Sergei Pavlovich was seriously upset: because of the fact that people were still killed and because the Germans were overtaking the Soviet Union. After all, his developments could have led the USSR to the presence of such missiles much earlier, but while in prison, Korolev did not engage in aircraft construction and therefore lost the most precious time - time.

After the defeat of the Third Reich, a race to conquer space began between the USSR and the United States. In America, it was headed by the SS Sturmbannfuehrer Werner von Braun, who had previously served the Nazis. In the Soviet Union, Sergei Pavlovich Korolev was appointed the Head of rocket design. Back in 1944, on the personal instructions of Stalin, Sergei Pavlovich was finally released from prison. His criminal record was removed, but he was denied rehabilitation.

The German development "FAU-2" was taken as the basis for testing. On its basis, various versions of missiles were created. But the design bureau under the control of Korolev developed its own variants of spacecraft, and in 1956 a two-stage intercontinental ballistic missile R-7 was created. The rocket had a detachable warhead and was successfully tested at the cosmodrome in the Kazakh SSR.

Life was getting better, Korolev returned to an old dream, but joy was replaced by trouble - parting with Ksenia and daughter Natalia. With Natalka (as he called his daughter), relations have not improved. Korolev met a new love - Nina, who stayed with him until the end of his busy days. And these days were filled with events - grandiose events that shook the entire globe; events that in the history of mankind opened a new cosmic era.

On October 4, 1957, Soviet scientists made a great breakthrough: the world's first artificial Earth satellite, Sputnik-1, went into outer space. The announcement of the launch of a rocket into Earth's orbit came as a shock to America. Socialism surpassed capitalism and was the first to bring flying machines to near-earth space.

But Korolev had a peculiar manner that led him from words to action: as soon as one project was completed, Korolev was already planning the next. And this project was risky and even daring: on April 12, 1961, an apparatus with a man inside went into near-earth orbit - it was Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin. And then the Americans had something to work on: their rocket was significantly different from the Soviet one both in power and weight.

Without restraining frankness, we can say that the life of Sergei Pavlovich went through many trials: unfounded indictments, interrogations with the use of brute force, being in correctional camps and, as a result, early death at the age of 59.

In the gigantic construction of great structures, there is never a unanimous opinion, it happens that an idea outstrips human capabilities, but Soviet designers and cosmonauts were able to carry out what Korolev had planned. Our smaller brothers also came to the rescue - dogs: Belka and Strelka, ZIB (deputy of the disappeared Bobik), Zvezdochka and others. Korolev's spacecraft were launched to Venus, Mars, and the Moon; under his leadership, the Soyuz spacecraft were developed.

After Yuri Gagarin's space flight, Korolev more than once surprised the world with the achievements of his design bureau: on August 6, 1961, a satellite ship with G. Titov on board made more than 17 revolutions around the earth for 25 hours 18 minutes. The woman was not left without a flight into space - the world famous Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova became her. The first to go into outer space again was a Soviet man - Alexei Leonov on board with Pavel Belyaev. Only one dream remained unfulfilled - this is the landing of a man on the moon under the program of manned flights.

Today S. P. Korolev can undoubtedly be called the greatest genius in the history of mankind. He devoted his whole life to the sky, he gave all his strength to the cosmos. But then, when his rockets were thrown into the sky, neither America nor the USSR knew about him. Only after his death, the whole world heard the name of the hero, who, despite the troubles, managed to wash his name and tear off a huge space rocket from the earth. In 1957, Korolev was rehabilitated.

Sergei Korolev passed the test: both involuntarily and the fulfillment of the task set before himself. But I had to give too much energy in the struggle for leadership and justice.