Focuses of the war of 1812

2024 Author: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 15:55

It turns out that fighting 200 years ago was only possible in white pants and white shoes. It was a harsh war …

Therefore, if you want to find out what really happened, you need to distract yourself from the magic show and detailed explanations of the fakir, and see what he really does before, at the same time, and after the show, look from the other side, look next to him, etc.. P.

Instead of looking at someone's picture of history, it is useful to research the facts yourself and find the real ones from them, something like this:

It is interesting that simultaneously with the war that began on June 22, 1812 in Of Russia, in the North AmericaOn June 18, 1812, a no less mysterious war also began, for which there will be a separate investigation (it, as if by accident, ended in the same year).

The war of 1812 in Russia seems to be well described, even in excessively intrusive detail, and all the attention of researchers automatically focuses on chewing on the details of memoir literature about the battles. The official, well-established history of the war of 1812 in Russia seems smooth only at first glance, especially if knowledge is limited to two highly publicized episodes: "the Battle of Borodino" and "the fire of Moscow".

If we digress from the strongly imposed point of view, for example, by imagining that there are no memoirs, testimonies or we do not trust them, for “lying as an eyewitness” and check on factual circumstances, then it is revealed completely unexpected picture.

As a result of the war of 1812 in Russia, the troops of Alexander-1, in alliance with Napoleon-1, conquered the territories of the Moscow-Smolensk Upland, or figuratively speaking, "Petersburg defeated Muscovy".

It has already been verified that many have the first reaction of rejection: "the author is delusional." Starting to test the hypothesis about fake coverage in the official history of the goals of the 1812 war in Russia, I myself was rather skeptical about it, but the confirmation poured out, as if from a cornucopia, I do not have time to describe them. Everything is slowly developing into a perfectly logical picture, which is summarized on this index page. Links to a detailed description of the investigated facts will appear as the corresponding articles are written.

Especially for those who are broke to read mnogabukaf, by popular demand, an explanation was made on the fingers without pinging (I advise beginners not to rush to immediately follow the rest of the links, but first read the general picture set forth below, otherwise you risk getting confused in the sea of information). And those who are highly sophisticated in history can try to clearly answer to themselves the simplest questions:

- why did Napoleon-1 go to conquer Smolensk and Moscow, and not the capital - Petersburg?

- why the capital of the Russian Empire became the “on the edge of the earth” Petersburg (big red dot), and not marked in green, Kiev, Smolensk, Moscow, Yaroslavl, Nizhny Novgorod, Kazan, which are much more suitable for the capital status of the city (from left to right)?

Seaport cities are marked in red. Top left to right Riga, Petersburg, Arkhangelsk, below - Kherson and Rostov-on-Don

The real history of the Russian Empire becomes extremely clear, logical and easy to understand if viewed from the correct point of view, from the Baltic.

1. We start with well-known facts: the capital of the Russian Empire was St. Petersburg, the ruling dynasty was the Romanovs.

2. The Romanovs are the local pseudonym of the Holstein-Gottorp branch of the Oldenburg dynasty, who ruled the Baltic Sea.

3. St. Petersburg was chosen by the Oldenburgs aka the "Romanovs" as the capital, as the most convenient springboard for penetration from the Baltic Sea into the Volga basin isolated from all seas in order to expand the sphere of their economic influence (for more details see part 1 of the motivational St. Petersburg stupid + part 2 of the base St. Petersburg indispensable).

4. The main vector of the conquest and development of the territories of Russia by the Romanovs is directed from St. Petersburg (the Baltic Sea) inward of the continent, to the Volga basin along waterways, naturally, in order to pump out useful resources from there. This part of the history of the phased conquests of the Romanovs was disguised as various "internal" events to create the illusion of a long-term possession (previous index page "The E-2 Wars are visible").

5. At the same time, additional vectors of the Romanovs' actions were directed there, into the Volga basin from the Black and Azov seas. This part of history is well known as the continuous wars of the Romanovs with Turkey.

Now let's look at the situation before the war of 1812. During the time of Catherine II, significant efforts were already made to penetrate the Volga basin (see the page "The E-2 Wars Are Noticeable"). And still, as of the beginning of the 19th century, St. Petersburg was categorically isolated from the Moscow-Smolensk Upland, there was not a single normal direct waterway (only the unsuccessfully made Vyshnevolotsk system, somehow working to descend to St. Petersburg). In those days, of course, there were no planes, no railways, no highways, only waterways along rivers and short land sections - "drags" between river routes. And if there are no normal communication routes along which goods, troops, etc. can move, then there is no transport connectivity, without which there can be no statehood. Couriers with decrees can get there, but without the economic and power component, these decrees are worthless.

Not long before the war of 1812, St. Petersburg had almost all of the same waterways with overland sections of "portages" as Novgorod merchants did long before the rise of St. Petersburg:

That is why the Moscow-Smolensk Upland, located in the upper reaches of the Volga and Dnieper basins, at that time was almost completely beyond the reach of St. Petersburg, which could be content to feed only the same as ancient Novgorod.

Lack of direct waterways - this is an objective, key moment for understanding what was happening, a kind of "alibi on the contrary" for St. Petersburg - it had nothing to do with Moscow and Smolensk.

Skeptics can carefully examine the map of Europe from the very first edition of the Britannica encyclopedia of 1771 and make sure that Russia (Russia) is not Moscow Tartary (Muscovite Tartarie) at all, which I call for brevity simply Muscovy or the Old Power, on the right the interesting toponyms from this map are indicated on fragment of Shokalsky's map from the Brockhaus dictionary, the red line marks the watershed of the Baltic river basins (maps are clickable):

In other words, I don’t need to invent some new reality, I just explain why these territories used to be different states, and how St. The Russian empire, that is, spread the name Russia to the conquered lands. There is nothing offensive in this (well, perhaps for those who consider themselves a descendant of the rulers of Tartary, on the contrary, the result is a very powerful state, so I personally have no complaints about the conquerors.

I repeat once again: for understanding the whole the history of the Russian Empire is very important to read: part 1 stupid Petersburg + part 2 Petersburg is irreplaceable (why Petersburg is in this place and why it became the capital).

The main city controlling the transport hubs of the Moscow-Smolensk Upland at that time was the "key-city" Smolensklocated in the upper reaches of the Dnieper, where a chain of portages began, connecting the river routes "from the Varangians to the Greeks" and "from the Varangians to the Persians" at the intersection of trade routes from the Dnieper, West Dvinsky, Volkhov, Volzhsky and Oka river basins.

A simple military conquest of the cities of the Moscow-Smolensk Uplands without including them in the zone of economic interests is meaningless, and therefore preparations for war began at the turn of the 18-19 centuries with the large-scale construction of direct waterways from St. Petersburg to the Volga: the Mariinsky, Tikhvin and the reconstruction of the Vyshnevolotsk water systems. The construction of the Berezinsky water system ensured the capture of both the traffic flows of Smolensk and the city itself. Naturally, the war began only when the listed troop invasion routes, of which we have to be convinced.

The direction of movement of the Oldenburgs in the Baltic is marked in red. Blue - the main rivers of the European part of Russia. Green - straight waterways formed after the construction of water systems by the St. Petersburg Oldenburgs ("Romanovs") (from left to right, from bottom to top): Berezinskaya, Vyshnevolotskaya, Tikhvinskaya, Mariinskaya:

Simultaneously with the construction of direct waterways, other large-scale and thorough preparations were carried out for a military invasion and post-war arrangement of the occupied territory:

V 1803 The task of ideological preparation of a future war was set in advance: the creation of a new history of the conquered territories was entrusted to N. Karamzin, who by a personal decree was appointed a “Russian historiographer” (there was never such a position either before or after Karamzin). Also in 1803, a decision was made to create a monument to the winners (Martos).

1804June - introduction of preliminary censorship, it was forbidden to print, distribute and sell anything without consideration and approval of the censorship authorities. vi

1804-1807 biennium - the Horse Guards arena is being built in St. Petersburg for all-season and all-weather training of riders vi

V 1805 in the first approximation, the Berezinskaya water system was completed, connecting the Western Dvina with the tributary of the Dnieper by the Berezina River in the Vitebsk region. A continuous waterway appeared "From the Varangians to the Greeks" from the Baltic Sea up the Zapadnaya Dvina (Daugava), then along the locks of the Berezina system down the Berezina river to the Dnieper and further downstream to the Black Sea.

1805 - unification of artillery - "Arakcheevskaya" system vi

1807 year - Alexander and Napoleon in Tilsit sign a peace treaty and a secret about an offensive and defensive alliance. The famous top-secret negotiations between the two emperors strictly in private on a raft in the middle of the Nemunas.

1808 - Another meeting between Alexander and Napoleon took place in Erfurt, where a secret convention was signed.

1809 - Prince George of Oldenburg, who arrived from England, heads the "Expedition of water communications", which together with him moves from St. Petersburg as close as possible to Muscovy - to Tverwhich Alexander called "our third capital". For service in the expedition, a "corps of engineers" was established under martial law. A special "Police Team" was assigned to streamline and supervise shipping. On the Tvertsa River, the construction of a runway for the movement of barge haulers was completed, and the deepening of the Ladoga Canal began, the Vyshnevolotsk system was brought into working condition in both directions. Karamzin periodically in Tver he reads to Prince George of Oldenburg the "History of the Russian State" he was creating.

1809 in Russia, the aforementioned Institute of Railway Corps Engineers … Its first graduation took place in 1812. One group of graduates voluntarily left for combat units, and 12 people went to the disposal of the commander-in-chief of the armies. Thus, already at the beginning of the 1812 campaign, engineers corps of communications, in fact, military engineering troops have been created, the need for which for some reason was not there. (more about the military engineering service in the war of 1812)

V 1809-1812 biennium in St. Petersburg, 5 albums are published for standard construction: "Collection of facades, His Imperial Majesty most approved for private buildings in the cities of the Russian Empire." All five albums contained about 200 residential, commercial, industrial, commercial and other buildings and over 70 projects of fences and gates. Only one principle was strictly followed: to preserve the unchanged stylistic unity of all buildings included in the albums. vi

WITH 1810 year, on behalf of Alexander-1 Arakcheev, the technology of organizing military settlements, which will be required in the future during the colonization of the occupied lands - the troops remain to live in the occupied territory, which solves several tasks at once: there is no need to solve the problems of their export and subsequent deployment, the troops are at least self-sufficient, maintain order, the natural loss of men during the war is replenished etc. " Military settlements - the system of organizing troops in Russia in 1810-1857, combining military service with productive labor, primarily agricultural … "vi

also in 1810 year, an independent government department was created - the Main Directorate of Spiritual Affairs of various (foreign) confessions with the rights to create or liquidate churches, appoint heads of monastic orders, approve heads of confessions, and so on. vi

1810 year - the Mariinsky water system began to operate. From 1810 to 1812, an additional reconstruction of the Berezinsky water system was carried out under the leadership of the famous engineer Devolant.

WITH 1810 to 1812 By order of Alexander-1, two new state-of-the-art fortresses are being built at incredible speed - Dinaburg on the Western Dvina and Bobruisk on the Berezina, the existing fortress at the mouth of the Dvina - Dinamyunde is being modernized, all the fortresses on the Western Dvina-Dnieper waterway are well armed, replenished with ammunition and supplies food.

For comparison, on the left, the fortress of Berlin in the 18-19th centuries and on the right, the Bobruisk fortress of 1812 was made according to the latest word of fortification science, with a broken line of the wall, bastions, redoubts, etc. for effective cross and multi-tiered artillery fire:

At the same time, the fortifications of Smolensk, Moscow, the Volokolamsk monastery and others in Muscovy remained from the times of Ivan the Terrible and Boris Godunov, that is, they were not originally designed for the massive use of artillery by both attackers and defenders. Naturally, Alexander-1 was not going to modernize these outdated enemy fortresses … See "The collective farm" 200 years without a crop "or is Boris Godunov to blame for everything?"

Straight fortress walls of Smolensk and Vyazma:

See more about the "good and bad" fortresses of 1812 and "Moscow-Paris: who defeated whom?"

1811 city - created Ministry of Police, among the powers of "censorship control" - supervision over the censorship committee and the publications already released for printing and distribution, i.e. censorship has become double.

By the way, it is from this event that the history of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia begins (in 2011, the 200th anniversary of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia was celebrated). In order to avoid terminological confusion, it should be clarified that the Ministry of Internal Affairs, created at the same time, belonged to the economic department, the main task of which was the development of industry, agriculture, internal trade, post office, construction and maintenance of public (public) buildings. During the war of 1812 and the subsequent hostilities of 1813-1814, the Ministry of Internal Affairs organized the supply of uniforms and equipment to the troops, and the Ministry of Police was entrusted with the tasks of providing the army with food (!?), Recruiting and forming a militia.

1811 year - To restore order after the war in the vast occupied territories, Alexander-1 for the first time in world history creates a special organization "Corps of the Inner Guard" with the tasks of escorting prisoners and arrested persons, liquidating mass riots, and for the first time in history, the use of weapons against the civilian population was legally regulated. This corps, being part of the army, at the same time carried out the order of the Minister of Police. Functionally, the "Corps of Internal Guard" corresponds to the modern Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

1811 year - the Tikhvin water system was put into operation.

TO 1812 The reconstruction of the Berezinskaya water system was completed, and from that moment all waterways are ready for the invasion army.

The most important default figure: sea and river fleet in the war of 1812, about the actions of which there is amazingly scant information, although the effective movement of troops and supplies between the chain of fortresses on the Western Dvina - Berezinskaya system - Dnieper waterway could only be provided by water transport: A huge river invasion fleet was discovered in the war of 1812.

Expressing the importance of the fleet in the war, First Lord of the English Admiralty Sir John Fisher regarded the land army as nothing more than a shell, a cannonball fired at the enemy by the fleet. In contrast to this, the prevailing stereotype of the depiction of the war of 1812 in Russia depicts only land battles, cavalry, carts and infantry. It turns out something like this: since Leo Tolstoy did not write about the fleet, therefore the fleet did not exist in 1812 … One gets the impression that the mention of the fleet and any water transport was prohibited by censorship.

1812, May - Kutuzov signed a peace treaty with Turkey, the southern group of troops was liberated, now everything is ready for the invasion of Muscovy, the troops begin to move towards Smolensk.

1812June - Napoleon's troops arrive on the Neman, Alexander is expecting him in Vilna, part of Alexander's troops have already arrived by water from St. Petersburg.

1812 - Napoleon's troops, instead of immediately rushing along the shortest strategic corridor along the sea to St. Petersburg, which was "protected" by one Wittgenstein infantry corps, it is now clear why, they prefer to move together in a "wake column" after Alexander's troops.

1812, August - all the troops of both Alexander and Napoleon, according to the schedule, united near Smolensk, which was a key point on the way "from the Varangians to the Greeks."

Little attention is paid to the Battle of Smolensk at all, although an elementary question arises: why was Bagration's flashes built in an open field at Borodino, and here the defense is held by the fortress built already under Boris Godunov, but “neither the walls nor the fortifications had the necessary fortifications to accommodate artillery, therefore defensive battles took place mainly on the outskirts. By the way, it is after Smolensk that it comes out of the shadows. Kutuzov, who, for some reason, suddenly as a result received the title of Serene Highness Prince of Smolensk, although according to the official version at that time he was in charge of the assembly of the people's militia (a very worthy occupation for a military leader of this rank). (see Some mysteries of Smolensk in 1812 and Why is Kutuzov Prince of Smolensk and not Borodinsky?)

The battle of Borodino, which at first was perceived by me as a kind of artificially created symbol and the world's first museum of historical reconstruction, formed on the initiative of Emperor Nicholas-1 since 1839, unexpectedly turned out to be a really important event at the fork in the waterways. see "Borodino. Oddities and mysteries of the battle."

Instead of using the maps of historians, helpfully drawn with arrows, you can only plot the places of battles on an empty map, as the main reliably established facts, then we will see a completely clear turn of traces of blood just after Borodino to the south, to Kaluga:

For more details see "A Simple Diagram of the Essence of the War of 1812"

"Fire in Moscow" - the second extremely publicized virtual episode of the war (see the comic-thriller "The Great Virtual Fire of Moscow in 1812"), to explain the 30-year construction that followed after the war (supposedly "restoration"), because from the point of view of waterways at that time there were no there could be nothing significant, but from the point of view of land road and rail links in a straight line from St. Petersburg, it is obligatory through Tver, then big Moscow should have been built exactly in this place:

For more details see "Ancient Moscow" was built by St. Petersburg in the 19th century"

If we argue from the point of view of classical history, as if the opponents fought, and not the allies, then after the withdrawal of Alexander-1's troops to the south, towards Kaluga, Napoleon has a Second Strategic Chance, in my opinion the only one in world history when it was possible to capture three capitals at once: the "old capital" Moscow, "The third capital" Tver and the "new capital" Petersburg! But we now understand why Napoleon did not do this, and, according to a pre-planned plan, went after Alexander's troops in order to jointly crush the remnants of Muscovy's troops in the upper reaches of the Oka basin. (see "Why Napoleon did not go to …").

"Flight of Napoleon's army" - the third highly publicized virtual big episode of the war is made as follows: the real battles marked on the diagram shown earlier are dated "dotted line, one through" - some during the offensive, and some during the alleged "retreat", so that there is no shadow of thought that the occupying army won and stayed. Mass deaths from frosts and other factors seem to write off the greatly overestimated number, that is, at the same time, answers are given to the question: "Where did such a huge army of Napoleon go if it did not return to Europe?" Here "Peace death of Napoleon's army" is a visualization of the waning of the army according to the testimony of the memoirists. Anyone who is not lazy can read various memoirs about the chosen city and marvel at how much they "Confused in the testimony"Apparently, the manual for writing memoirs was edited several times, or the “memoirists-eyewitnesses” were inattentive, but this is imperceptible for the general reader, he also perceives generalized stories in school textbooks and does not doubt the authenticity of the primary sources of his knowledge.

1812, November 14 - The Imperial Rescript of Emperor Alexander-1 on the search by specially authorized military officials of the search for abandoned and hidden weapons and property in those territories where hostilities were fought. From the 875 artillery pieces found and brought to Moscow by January 10, 1819, the symbolic stupid Tsar Bell and so on were cast. (see "The Moscow Tsar Bell was cast in the 19th century").

1812December 6 - following the war in Muscovy Kutuzov granted the title "Smolensk". December 25 - formally and symbolically at Christmas war is over, Napoleon is supposedly going home with practically no troops, although in reality the occupation troops remained to clean up the area and form military settlements. Alexander issues a decree on the construction of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior (the first temple in history dedicated to Christ!)

1813, January - a branch is created in St. Petersburg British Bible Society, renamed in 1814 into the Russian Bible Society. The official task is to translate the Bible into the languages of nations (was it not relevant before?), The total circulation of published books is not less than half a million copies. The most interesting thing is that the Bible was eventually translated into ordinary Russian only at the end of the 19th century. What were they really doing there?

1813 year, January - the "Commission on the construction of Moscow" was created, which worked for 30 years, until 1843. See: "Ancient Moscow" was built by St. Petersburg in the 19th century.

1814 troops of Alexander I in Paris (see "Historical riddle: unusual behavior of the military").

Miscellaneous related notes

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