Visiting Tsar Berendey

2024 Author: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 15:55

The people are generous

Great in everything - to interfere with idleness

He will do everything: work, work like that, Dance and sing - so much until you drop.

Looking at you with a reasonable eye, you will say

That you are an honest and kind people."

(A. N. Ostrovsky "Snow Maiden")

Russian folktale. How long and dignified your path is in the epic events of the holy Russian land. And could you, could you be born in a different place besides the endless expanses of Russia, among its great people, childishly feeling the world around us? How did the place, people, nature and gentle God fit together perfectly? We are Russian people and therefore big children who believe in a fairy tale to gray hair, regardless of gender and social status. The fairy tale surrounds us everywhere and thanks to it, Rusich, to this day, looks at the rain through the eyes of a child.

Probably, other peoples have good legends, but only my people, the ancient legend carries an edifying lesson, transmitted by the storyteller from our ancestors, the same big children as you and I, their descendants. What kind of irrepressible strength and kindness were these people? What degrees of spirituality and skill were they subject to? To this day, there are craftsmen in Russia who, with their architectural talent, erect carved towers. With a simple ax, they produce miracles of their hands on our land, delighting the eyes of a passer-by with a fairy tale frozen in a tree. Glory to you the good masters of all kinds of useful deeds, songwriters and storytellers, guardians and guardians of the traditions of the Russian people, magicians of the gray times!

It was you who kept what was completely knocked out from other peoples. You have been given immeasurable strength, to go through rivers of tears and lakes of humiliation, and to show the world a crystal of Russian spiritual feeling, a world of eternal poetry, different from other self-consciousness, a majestic pantheon of a Russian folk tale

Glorious peoples! Read it to your children, tell your grandchildren and great-grandchildren, keep the book in a place of honor and you will be happy. The oppressed foliage of the crown of the great people, eaten away by the gluttonous caterpillars of European lies, will revive, and life-giving juices will sway powerful roots from the depths of the Russian epic. Russia will not and will not have vegetation in the future, but only glory and the unlimited right to be free.

Dashing times will collapse into dark abysses and our light-eyed descendants will sit at the feet of the storyteller, opening their surprised mouths, freeze in the charm of the Russian fairy tale led by the clerk. And this is my convinced prophecy!

The Russian epic has four distinct periods. The Russian people are so arranged that their faith in a just tsar did not suffer losses for many centuries of people's suffering from the tsar himself. It is known in Russia that the tsar is good, the boyars are bad.

That is why the Russian revolt swept away the great families, without touching His Majesty, but throwing the henchmen of the reign on the rifle spears. How many arrogant temporary workers, sprawled in the air like a flying squirrel, hung on their sharp ends, no reference book will tell you. Yes, only times have changed, boyars have changed, but things are still there: the tsar is good, the boyars are evil!

I set out to find a good king in the history of my state. In one of my miniatures, I have already named one such priest. This is the king of the peas.

Let me briefly remind you of its contents:

Ivan Khalif (the tsar-priest, not the purse on the Kalita belt) brought the most ordinary peas from Byzantium to Russia, and became an adept of their cuisine. He introduced this product into the consumption of the Russian people and cultivated it en masse among the population of Russia, which earned his nickname. There are many such examples in history, and I will not present all of them, but I will give only purely Russian ones. The potatoes of Peter the Great (which, by the way, did not bring, but delivered tapenambur - an earthen pear to Russia) could well give this king the nickname of Tsar Potatoes, and the famous corn, one of the general secretaries of the left USSR, remained forever associated with his rule. And who knows, whether their parents will tell our great-grandchildren about the bald, knee-headed king who sowed corn abundantly and ate tons of silage? Anything can be, gentlemen, anything can be.

There are four periods in the history of the Russian tsars. The first is the oldest. The second - the Ruriks and the third - the Romanovs, the fourth … you know who! Traditionally, historians refer to the most ancient period of two kings - the Tsar of the Peas, and Tsar Berendey. With Peas, I clarified the situation to the reader, everything is more or less clear here. Therefore, let's take up the epic figure of Tsar Berendey. The country of Berendey is not quite a fabulous place - this is the early period of the life of the Russian people, the memory of which he preserves in the legends and songs that have survived from the hoary antiquity. This king is the father of Ivan Tsarevich. In Slavic pagan mythology - a werewolf sorcerer who turns into a brown bear. In literature, the king of a wonderful country.

The Berendeys are a nomadic tribe that lived in the southern Russian steppes, near the Kiev and Pereyaslavl principalities. Mentioned in Russian chronicles from 1097 to the end of the XII century. Some of the Berendeys were in the service of the Vladimir prince Andrei Bogolyubsky and were resettled in the Pereyaslavl-Zalessky area.

The Berendeys separated from the Oguz association. The Kiev princes used the Berendeys to defend the borders from the Polovtsians and in the princely feuds.

In 1105, the Polovtsian Khan Bonyak attacked the Zarub, where the Torks and Berendeys lived. In 1146 - as part of the black hoods - the vassals of Russia and the ancestors of the Cherkasy Cossacks, one of the varieties of Cossack troops on the territory of present-day Ukraine.

Some of the Berendeys were in the service of the Vladimir prince Andrei Bogolyubsky and were resettled in the Pereyaslavl-Zalessky area.

S. M. Soloviev in his History of Russia from Ancient Times (T. 2, Ch. 5) mentioned the Berendeys: Polovtsians and beat them … "; and also: "… Mstislav Izyaslavich from Vladimir went to the rescue of his uncle with Galician help; from the other side was Rurik Rostislavich with Vladimir Andreevich and Vasilko Yuryich from Torchesk, leading with him crowds of border barbarians - Berendey, Kouev," Torks, Pechenegs … In n. XIII century part of the Berendeys went to Bulgaria and Hungary, the rest merged with the Slavs and became Rusich.

"Red hill in the magic kingdom of Berendey. Moonlit night. Surrounded by a retinue of birds, Spring-Red falls to the ground. The forest is still dormant under the snow, the cold reigns in the country …" In a rhythm commensurate with the natural kaleidoscope, he works and walks, rejoices and suffers, believes and curses the Berendei people: the king with his retinue, boyars and boyars, buffoons, bagpipers, shepherds, boys and girls and even goblin … A. Rimsky-Korsakov It was the surrounding nature in his understanding that formed and filled the inner philosophy of the Berendeys, built their worldview views and moods.

“The gravitation towards the ancient Russian custom and pagan pantheism (Pantheism - animation, spiritualization of natural phenomena associated with pagan beliefs), which was gradually manifesting in me, now flared up into a bright flame. There was no better story for me in the world, there were no better poetic images for me than the Snow Maiden, Lel or Vesna, there was no better kingdom than the kingdom of the Berendeans with their wonderful king, there was no better worldview and religion than worship of Yarila the Sun. , - the composer recalled about his passion for the plot. The opera has become a bright hymn to the ideal country of the Berendeys with its highest laws of goodness and beauty, the harmonious unity of man and nature, the magical and life-giving power of folk art, the power of justice, reason and love that govern the destinies of the world.

In the opera, reality and fantasy are constantly intertwined: the "earthly" images of Lel, Kupava, Mizgir, the king of the Berendey, Bobyl, Bobylikha and fabulous - Santa Claus, Spring, Leshey, Snow Maiden endowed with human features.

The image of the king of the Berendeys, Bobyl, is magnificent!

And here is the historical clue! We are on the right track. At the end of it, I will tell you the name of this king, reader! The father of Tsarevich Ivan, who, in spite of many children, was a boar.

Bobyl - in the Russian state of the 15th - early 18th centuries. a lonely peasant who does not have a land allotment (tax-free, non-taxable, that is, not bearing state duties). They were also called "kutniks"; in the eastern provinces, in terms of social and tax status, they are close to the Teptyar estate.

In common parlance, a boby is an impoverished, lonely, homeless person.

The second understanding of this word is a lonely, familyless person.

Honestly, I also understood this word in this way, until the moment when I got into the reference books and asked about its origin.

Does the reader know that the word peasant did not always mean what it means now? This word is undeservedly used to define a grain grower and a plowman. These people in Russia were called warriors and were respected people for their work. For example, the Russian hero Mikula Selyaninovich was a warrior, but so strong that the prince and his entire squad could not pull his plow from the ground, and even more so to keep up with him on horseback. In the annals you will not find the name peasant, there is the word ratai.

So who is a peasant really? Prepare your reader for irrepressible surprise. The peasant is the governor of the Russian tsar in Europe and the European part of Russia conquered in the 11-13 centuries, a person who is in charge of the state's lands, but does not own them. In the era of feudal law, he kissed the cross of the Russian tsar and stood over the appanage princes, kings and dukes, patrimonials of the Russian tsar, watching the collection of tribute. Tatar name for peasant baskak. That is, he was a landless, unlimited and plenipotentiary representative of the Russian-Horde tsar or a bean!

Do you understand who rules in Rimsky-Korsakov's The Snow Maiden, reader? That's right, my friend! Tsar-peasant, caretaker of the lands given to the Berendei by the Russian ruler.

Here it is necessary to clarify the meaning of the word king. In the Russian tradition, the tsar is not only the ruler, but also the spiritual mentor of the people, the keeper of the faith, the priest of its Church. Something similar today is the Vatican high priest, who calls himself the Pope and combines secular and spiritual power. However, this is a pitiful likeness, copied by the Pope of the Russian government, of which the cunning servant of the Russian tsar, the Roman bishop, was once a part of it. You can read about it in my miniature "Russian city Vatican".

However, back to our tsar-father. The Russian tsars carried the sacred dignity of presbyter and were the heads of the Russian Church. The patriarchate will appear much later. The king of the Russian land is the patriarch, because the presbyter means this word in Greek. So the tsar and his boyars (columnists or columnar nobles) were priests and, in addition to economic matters, supervised the faith. The princes are the military estate, which was hired by the population for the service, and if necessary, then expelled. Numerous internecine wars of that time, these are the wars of princes for military power. Spiritual is not given to them. In Russia there has always been a double power: the prince and the boyar. That is why Peter Romanov persecuted the ancient boyars, because they were representatives of clans with spiritual power and estates for feeding, which were clan. The prince, on the other hand, did not have ancestral lands and received a label for reigning in the Horde (this was the name of a large military formation and the army of Russia in general). There was no trace of the Tatar-Mongol yoke! The prince was simply appointed to a position in the then General Staff, in the Horde. A trip to the Horde for a prince is a call to the carpet to the Supreme Commander. The boyars were not summoned there.

It was later that many great boyar families united with the military estate, and the princes and khans would become the boyar patrimonials.

However, back to our Bean. This word, like the peasant, will change its meaning during the years of the Great Troubles in Russia or, as it is called in Europe, the Reformation. It is as a result of the latter's wars that the independent states that we see now will arise on the territory of Europe. Independent of the exorbitant yoke of the Third Rome, that is, Russia.

The brother of Ivan Khalifa, Georgy (Yuri) Danilovich, known to the reader as George the Victorious (and not known as Genghis Khan), is the creator of the Great Empire of the Slavs. He died at an early age, ordering his soldiers to carry him on a stretcher so that his hand would cling to the ground. This man is Alexander the Great, who was later invented by papal historians, with the aim of making the papacy more ancient and justifying its presence on the throne.

And the father of George, Daniil Alexandrovich, began the Slavic conquest.

Let the reader meet him - Tsar Berendey himself, whose mother was from the Berendey tribe, a bob and a peasant of the Russian Tsar, who became the Tsar himself.

It is to him, the grateful Russian people, will write the words of remembrance and prayer in the troparion.

Troparion, voice 3

Thou hast appeared to our country like a bright star, faithful Prince Daniel, illuminating your city and your abode with rays of your light, you are a champion of the Orthodox people, a captive liberator and a beggar protector, pray to Christ God to grant the power of Russia peace and save our souls.

Troparion, voice 4

Putting aside your princes glory, illuminated by Divine grace, God-wise prince Daniel, all reason in your heart from this vanity of this world to the Creator you steadfastly placed and, like a star on the center of the Russian state, you shone, with chastity and equal anguish in your life, flowing with goodness blameless, by this and after death glorify God in miracles, as if you exude healings faithfully flowing to your honest race; For this sake, today we celebrate your dormition, your people. You, as if you were bold in Christ, pray to save your fatherland and be more peaceful than our country.

The historical novel "The Youngest Son" of the writer DM Balashov, where he is depicted as a widower, is dedicated to this tsar.

Daniil Alexandrovich (November / December 1261 - March 5, 1303, Moscow) - the youngest son of Alexander Nevsky, the first appanage prince of Moscow (from 1263, actually from 1277); the founder of the Moscow line of Rurikovich: Moscow princes and tsars.

The Tver letter of 1408 tells about the upbringing of the Tver prince Yaroslav Yaroslavich, brother of Alexander Nevsky, little Daniel and about the management of the tiuns of the Grand Duke Yaroslav assigned to Daniel Moscow for seven years, while he occupied the grand ducal table in Vladimir: from 1264 until his death in 1272 …

After the death of his uncle Yaroslav Yaroslavich in 1272, young Daniel inherited the principality of Moscow, small and meager in comparison with other estates, where his older brothers, Dmitry and Andrey, reigned.

Piety, justice and mercy earned Prince Daniel universal respect.

Prince Daniel tirelessly cared about the people of his principality and the capital city of Moscow.

On the right bank of the Moskva River, five versts from the Kremlin, Daniil Alexandrovich, no later than 1282, founded the first Danilov monastery in Moscow with a wooden church in the name of the Monk Daniel the Stylite, his heavenly patron, where the first archimandry was established.

In 1296, Prince Daniel founded another monastery in Moscow - Epiphany, and in 1300 on Krutitsy, on his order, a bishop's house and a temple in the name of the holy apostles Peter and Paul were built.

The name of Daniel's wife is not mentioned in primary sources. P. V. Dolgorukov calls her Evdokia Alexandrovna. It is known that having given birth to his children she died early, and the children all left for the princes and Daniil Alexandrovich died a bitter bean, alone. According to the Laurentian Chronicle, Daniel died on Tuesday, March 5, 1303 "in Moscow in his fatherland, in the clerk and in the skim", that is, all alone, having taken the monastic vows.

His father, Alexander Nevsky, had two wives: Alexandra, the daughter of Bryachislav of Polotsk and Vassa, the daughter of the Torks (Berendey) Tsar Khan.

According to the tribe of his mother, Vassa, they affectionately called the younger prince Daniel, in the family of Alexander Nevsky, Berendey.

It remains to deal with the death of this tsar, beloved by the people, under whom the Russian Land flourished. There are several versions: one goes back to the parchment Trinity Chronicle burned down in 1812 in Moscow occupied by the French. At one time, this chronicle was allegedly seen by N. M. Karamzin, who made an extract from it about the death of Daniil Alexandrovich. This excerpt ended with the words: “It was put in the church of St. Michael in Moscow . Thus, according to the Trinity Chronicle, the Archangel Cathedral in the Moscow Kremlin served as the burial place for Daniel. This version raises my doubts, knowing the attitude of Karamzin to Russian history and the years of his life, I believe that he committed a forgery.

The second version is presented in the Book of Degrees. It claims that Daniel was buried in the brotherly cemetery of the Danilov Monastery.

There is also a third version, popular. Here I also propose to believe in it.

The Berendeevo swamp is located in the south of the Yaroslavl region, or, as Brockhaus and Efron wrote at one time, “in the Aleksandrovsky district of the Vladimir province, on the borders of Pereyaslavsky and Yuryevsky, 10 versts long, 4 - 5 versts wide. There are traces of housing; according to local legend, here was the city of Berendey, where the king Berendey lived. This is where Vassa, the mother of Daniel, was born.

The Laurentian Chronicle mentions the year of birth of Daniel, “the son of Oleksandr was born, and his name is Danil,” under the year 6769 (1261). Two years old, Daniil Alexandrovich lost his father and, reproached by the family of his first wife, was forced to leave his father's nest and go to his mother's homeland near Yaroslavl, to the kingdom of the Berendeys, where his grandfather ruled. There he is buried. According to legend, next to a stone woman standing on the bank of a swamp, which was previously a beautiful lake.

That's all. It's time to finish the miniature and say goodbye to this good king. But I am a Russian person and I believe in a Russian fairy tale! And that's why I'll finish it.

The fabulous land of the Berendeys will soon find its place on the map of the Yaroslavl Region. The royal palace of Berendey of unprecedented beauty is being built in Pereslavl, the finishing works are almost completed. If Vodyanoy lives in Poshekhonye, and Baba-Yaga lives in Kukoboi, then the people of Pereslavl decided to settle the good Tsar Berendey. The sketches of the residence of the tsar, beloved by the people, drew themselves, I had to re-read "The Snow Maiden" by Alexander Ostrovsky and get acquainted with the works of famous historians.

A fairy tale, will again go with us through life, gentlemen. I invite you to the opening of the palace and to visit Tsar Daniel Berendey! He is a glorious man! It will be fun: jesters, buffoons, gusli, horns, bagels ….

However, I know a more precise address of the residence of Tsar Berendey. Do not believe, reader, that he does not exist, such people do not die. Write down the address and remember that you can go there always, at any time and if your thoughts are pure, then you will discover this wonderful world of the Russian fairy tale.

“Berendey's Magic Land” is the inner world of a child-people. Everyone knows that every person has this magic land and everyone in this country is a magician. Wizards have a wild imagination, a rich imagination, irrepressible energy, a desire to learn the unknown.

Yes, Wizards live only in fairy tales, but everyone can create a fairy tale and make fairy wishes come true. You just need to become that wizard with a capital letter and your life will go on a completely different path.

Here is the address: YOUR SOUL, MAN!