Russian women in the Great Patriotic War

2024 Author: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 15:55

Before World War II, women did not serve in the Red Army. But quite often they "served" at the frontier posts together with their husbands, the frontier guards.

The fate of these women with the advent of the war was tragic: most of them died, only a few managed to survive in those terrible days. But I will tell you about this separately …

By August 1941, it became obvious that women were indispensable.

The first to serve in the Red Army were female medical workers: medical battalions (medical battalions), BCPs (mobile field hospitals), EGs (evacuation hospitals) and sanitary echelons, in which young nurses, doctors and nurses served, were deployed. Then the military commissars began to call up signalmen, telephonists, radio operators into the Red Army. It got to the point that almost all anti-aircraft units were staffed by girls and young unmarried women between the ages of 18 and 25. Women's aviation regiments began to form. By 1943, from 2 to 2.5 million girls and women served in the Red Army at various times.

The military commissars drafted the healthiest, most educated, most beautiful girls and young women into the army. All of them showed themselves very well: they were brave, very persistent, enduring, reliable fighters and commanders, were awarded military orders and medals for bravery and courage shown in battle.

For example, Colonel Valentina Stepanovna Grizodubova, Hero of the Soviet Union, commanded a long-range aviation bomber division (ADD). It was her 250 IL4 bombers that were forced to surrender in July-August 1944. Finland.

About the girls-anti-aircraft gunners

Under any bombardment, under any fire, they remained at their guns. When the troops of the Don, Stalingrad and Southwestern Fronts closed a ring of encirclement around the enemy groups in Stalingrad, the Germans tried to organize an air bridge from the territory of Ukraine they occupied to Stalingrad. For this, the entire military transport air fleet of Germany was transferred to Stalingrad. Our Russian female anti-aircraft gunners organized an anti-aircraft screen. They shot down 500 three-engine German Junkers 52 aircraft in two months.

In addition, they shot down 500 more aircraft of other types. The German invaders have never known such a defeat anywhere else in Europe.

Night Witches

The female regiment of night bombers of Guards Lieutenant Colonel Evdokia Bershanskaya, flying on single-engine U-2 aircraft, bombed German troops on the Kerch Peninsula in 1943 and 1944. And later in 1944-45. fought on the first Belorussian front, supporting the troops of Marshal Zhukov and the troops of the 1st Army of the Polish Army.

Aircraft U-2 (from 1944 - Po-2, in honor of designer N. Polikarpov) flew at night. They were based 8-10 km from the front line. They needed a small runway, only 200 meters. During the night in the battles for the Kerch Peninsula, they made 10-12 sorties. The U2 carried up to 200 kg of bombs at a distance of up to 100 km to the German rear. … During the night, they dropped on German positions and fortifications each up to 2 tons of bombs and incendiary ampoules. They approached the target with the engine off, silently: the aircraft had good aerodynamic properties: the U-2 could glide from a height of 1 kilometer to a distance of 10 to 20 kilometers. It was difficult for the Germans to shoot them down. I myself saw many times how German anti-aircraft gunners drove heavy machine guns across the sky, trying to find the silent U2.

Now the Polish gentlemen do not remember how Russian beautiful pilots in the winter of 1944 dumped weapons, ammunition, foodstuffs, medicines …

White Lily

On the southern front near Melitopol and in the men's fighter regiment, a Russian girl pilot, whose name was White Lilia, fought. It was impossible to shoot her down in aerial combat. A flower was painted on board her fighter - a white lily.

Once the regiment was returning from a combat mission, the White Lily flew in the rear - this honor is awarded only to the most experienced pilots.

The German Me-109 fighter was guarding her, hiding in a cloud. He gave a line for the White Lily and disappeared into the cloud again. Wounded, she turned the plane around and rushed after the German. She never came back … After the war, her remains were accidentally discovered by local boys, when they were catching snakes in a mass grave in the village of Dmitrievka, Shakhtyorsky district of Donetsk region.

Miss pavlichenko

In the Primorsky Army, one girl - a sniper - fought among men - sailors. Lyudmila Pavlichenko. By July 1942, on account of Lyudmila, there were already 309 destroyed German soldiers and officers (including 36 enemy snipers).

In the same 1942, she was sent with a delegation to Canada and the United

States. During the trip, she attended a reception with the President of the United States, Franklin Roosevelt. Later, Eleanor Roosevelt invited Lyudmila Pavlichenko on a trip around the country. American country singer Woody Guthrie wrote the song "Miss Pavlichenko" about her.

In 1943, Pavlichenko was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

For Zina Tusnolobova

Regiment sanitary instructor (nurse) Zina Tusnolobova fought in a rifle regiment on the Kalinin front near Velikiye Luki.

She walked in the first line with the soldiers, bandaging the wounded. In February 1943, in the battle for the Gorshechnoye station of the Kursk region, trying to help the wounded platoon commander, she herself was seriously wounded: her legs were broken. At this time, the Germans launched a counterattack. Tusnolobova tried to pretend to be dead, but one of the Germans noticed her, and with the blows of his boots and butt, he tried to finish off the nurse.

At night, the nurse, showing signs of life, was discovered by a reconnaissance group, transferred to the location of Soviet troops and on the third day taken to a field hospital. Her hands and lower legs were frostbitten and had to be amputated. I left the hospital with prostheses and hand prostheses. But she did not lose heart.

I got better. Got married. She gave birth to three children and raised them. True, her mother helped her raise children. She died in 1980 at the age of 59.

Zina Tusnolobova - the author of a letter of appeal to the soldiers of the 1st Baltic, she received more than 3000 responses, and soon the slogan "For Zina Tusnolobova!" appeared on the sides of many tanks, aircraft and guns.

Zinaida's letter was read to the soldiers in the units before the storming of Polotsk:

- Zina Tusnolobova, guard foreman of the medical service.

Moscow, 71, 2nd Donskoy proezd, 4-a, Institute of Prosthetics, chamber 52.

Forward to the Enemy newspaper, May 13, 1944.

Tank girls

The tanker has a very hard job: loading shells, collecting and repairing broken tracks, working with a shovel, crowbar, sledgehammer, and hauling logs. And most often under enemy fire.

In the 220th Tank Brigade T-34, Lieutenant Technician Valya Krikaleva was a driver-mechanic on the Leningrad Front. In battle, a German anti-tank gun smashed the track of her tank. Valya jumped out of the tank and began to repair the caterpillar. The German machine gunner stitched it obliquely across the chest. The comrades did not have time to cover it. So the wonderful girl-tanker has gone into eternity. We, tankers from the Leningrad Front, still remember her.

On the Western Front in 1941, the company commander, tanker Captain Oktyabrsky, fought on the T-34. He died a heroic death in August 1941. The young wife Maria Oktyabrskaya, who remained in the rear, decided to take revenge on the Germans for the death of her husband.

She sold her house, all her property and wrote a letter to the Supreme Commander-in-Chief Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich with a request to allow her to buy a T-34 tank with the proceeds and take revenge on the Germans for her husband, a tankman, who had been killed by them:

Moscow, Kremlin To the Chairman of the State Defense Committee. To the Supreme Commander-in-Chief

OCTOBERSKAYA Maria Vasilievna.

Tomsk, Belinsky, 31

Stalin ordered to take Maria Oktyabrskaya to the Ulyanovsk Tank School, train her, give her a T-34 tank. After graduating from the school, Maria was awarded the military rank of technician-lieutenant, driver-mechanic.

She was sent to the section of the Kalinin Front where her husband had fought.

On January 17, 1944, near the Krynki station of the Vitebsk region, a shell near the Fighting Girlfriend tank smashed a left sloth. Mechanic Oktyabrskaya tried to repair the damage under enemy fire, but a fragment of a mine that exploded nearby seriously wounded her in the eye.

In a field hospital, she underwent an operation, and then was taken by plane to a front-line hospital, but the wound was too severe, and she died in March 1944.

Katya Petlyuk is one of nineteen women, whose gentle hands drove tanks to the enemy. Katya was the commander of the T-60 light tank on the Southwestern Front west of Stalingrad.

Katya Petlyuk got the T-60 light tank. For convenience in battle, each vehicle had its own name. The names of the tanks were all impressive: "Eagle", "Falcon", "Terrible", "Slava", and on the turret of the tank, which Katya Petlyuk received, an unusual one was displayed - "Baby".

The tankers laughed: “We've already hit the spot - the baby in the“Baby”.

Her tank was a liaison. She walked behind the T-34, and if any of them was hit, then she approached the damaged tank in her T-60 and helped the tankers, delivered spare parts, was a liaison. The fact is that not all T-34s had radio stations.

Only many years after the war, senior sergeant from the 56th tank brigade Katya Petlyuk learned the story of the birth of her tank: it turns out that it was built with the money of Omsk preschoolers, who, wishing to help the Red Army, donated their accumulated toys for the construction of a combat vehicle and dolls. In a letter to the Supreme Commander-in-Chief, they asked to name the tank "Baby". Omsk preschoolers collected 160,886 rubles …

A couple of years later, Katya was already leading the T-70 tank into battle (she still had to part with the Malyutka). She took part in the battle for Stalingrad, and then as part of the Don Front, surrounded and defeated by Nazi troops. She took part in the battle at the Kursk Bulge, liberated the left-bank Ukraine. She was seriously injured - at the age of 25 she became a disabled person of the 2nd group.

After the war she lived in Odessa. Having removed the officer's shoulder straps, she learned to be a lawyer and worked as the head of the registry office.

She was awarded the Order of the Red Star, the Order of the Patriotic War II degree, and medals.

Many years later, Marshal of the Soviet Union I. I. Yakubovsky, the former commander of the 91st separate tank brigade, wrote in the book “Earth on Fire”: “… but in general it is difficult to measure how many times the heroism of a person is raised. They say about him that this is courage of a special order. It was certainly possessed by Ekaterina Petlyuk, a participant in the Battle of Stalingrad."