Quiet sensation: oil is synthesized by itself in spent fields

2024 Author: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 15:55

Despite the huge experimental material on almost two centuries of oil field development, the following issues remain unresolved: the genesis of oil, energy sources for oil synthesis, the mechanism of collection of scattered hydrocarbons in accumulations, the origin of oil types, replenishment of oil reserves in depleted fields, finding oil reserves in the crystalline basement and much more. All these facts indicate that there is a need for new approaches, hypotheses, which will make it possible to explain the experimental data and the obtained discoveries.

The nature around us cannot be divided into separate themes or objects. In nature, all processes are interconnected and intertwined - from the microcosm at the level of atoms to the macrocosm - at the level of stars and the universe. Therefore, if we want to understand the issues of the origin of oil, it is necessary to go from the origins with the fundamental concepts of matter and space.

But before that, let's first briefly review the main unresolved problems associated with geology and oil development.

Major unsolved oil problems

A) The history of the development of modern ideas about the origin of oil and gas today is covered in sufficient detail in many textbooks, books and articles [1-8].

To date, there are two main concepts of oil and gas formation - organic (biogenic) and inorganic (abiogenic, mineral).

The first implies that hydrocarbons are formed from organic matter of dead organisms in sedimentary rocks. This is supported by the fact that most oil and gas deposits are concentrated in sedimentary rocks, that is, in rocks formed from the bottom sediments of ancient water basins in which life developed. The chemical composition of oil is somewhat similar to the composition of living matter. The main conclusions from the organic concept of origin are that hydrocarbon prospecting should be carried out in sedimentary rocks, and oil reserves will quickly run out. But at the same time, it remains unclear why, outside the oil-bearing regions, sedimentary rocks containing organic matter and subjected to the same effects of temperature and pressure did not generate any significant amounts of oil.

The second concept is based on the assumption that hydrocarbons are synthesized at great depths and then migrate to oil and gas traps. This is evidenced by the finding of oil reserves in the basement sediments, as well as the presence of traces of hydrocarbons in crystalline, metamorphic rocks, underlying sedimentary rocks. This concept does not contradict the studies of astrophysicists who discovered the presence of hydrocarbon gases in the atmosphere of Jupiter and its satellites, as well as in the gas envelopes of comets. Note that in Russia, since 2011, the Kudryavtsev Readings - conferences on the deep genesis of oil and gas - have been held annually.

Both concepts exist in different modifications, are supported by a large number of supporters and are based on a large amount of experimental and theoretical research.

Recently, there have been active attempts to combine these two concepts. For example, according to V. P. Gavrilov [2], the main role is played by the global geodynamic cycles of the evolution of the lithosphere, which create favorable conditions for the exchange of fluids in the surface (biogenic synthesis) and deep (abiogenic synthesis) spheres. Acad. Dmitrievsky A. N. proposed the concept of polygenic origin [3]. He noted that with any views on the processes of generation and accumulation of hydrocarbons, there is general agreement on one thing - oil, condensate and bitumen deposits are secondary, which manifests itself in the anomalousness of fluids and many lithological and geochemical features of rocks in relation to their environment and background. From this, only one conclusion can be drawn - this anomaly indicates the intrusion of hydrocarbons into the trap. At the same time, as the depths of the occurrence of hydrocarbons grow, evidence of their formation from intruding secondary hydrocarbons is more and more clearly revealed.

Of the latest works in this direction, the works of Barenbaum AA are known, who developed the theoretical foundations of the biosphere concept based on the carbon cycle in the biosphere, taking into account the formation of oil and gas in the bowels [9, 10]. According to him, hydrocarbons are products of circulation through the earth's surface of carbon and water, participating in several cycles of the cycle.

So, at present, given the inconsistency of two different views on the genesis of hydrocarbons, active attempts are being made to "reconcile" these two concepts.

B) Many researchers note the replenishment of oil reserves in depleted developed fields. This is evidenced by the excess of cumulative oil production over a long period of development over recoverable reserves. This was openly stated by a number of researchers - Muslimov R. Kh., Trofimov V. A., Korchagin V. I., Gavrilov V. P., Ashirov K. B., Zapivalov N. P., Barenbaum A. A. and others [10-17].

It is known that an increase in reserves is possible by increasing the degree of reliability of geological information in the process of drilling and improving well logging methods, as well as by increasing the oil recovery factor, which depends on the technologies used, the qualifications of specialists, the price of oil and many other factors. Of course, the use of more efficient development schemes and the introduction of new technologies leads to an increase in recoverable reserves. This trend is well known. But in this case we are talking about such an excess, which can no longer be explained either by the detailing of geological reserves, or by an increase in the oil recovery factor.

For example, the Romashkinskoye field is characterized by very high current oil recovery factors and a fairly high level of exploration of the field over 50 years of rather intensive development. Nevertheless, several areas of this field have depleted their recoverable reserves even with the oil recovery factor exceeding the displacement factor, but they continue to be successfully exploited.

US Geological Committee spokesman Dr. Gautier publicly acknowledged the existence of recharge during his presentation on the 100-year history of Midway Sunset field development using a variety of modalities. The growth of recoverable and geological reserves is clearly shown in Fig. one.

Rice. 1. Dynamics of annual and cumulative production, geological and recoverable reserves, the number of wells in the Midway-Sunset field from the speech of D. L Gautier

Acad. AS RT Muslimov R. Kh. believes that the final stage of field development can last for hundreds of years [13, 14]. A. A. Barembaum showed that for three oil fields - Romashkinskoye, Samotlorskoye and Tuimazinskoye and Shebelinskoye gas condensate fields, despite the sharply differing geological conditions of these fields, different volumes of reserves and technological schemes of operation, the annual production curves at the late stage of development are of a similar nature. After 30-40 years of field exploitation, stabilization of oil (gas) production is observed at the level of 20% of the maximum production [10].

As a result, a number of scientists believe about the existence of replenishment of deposits and, accordingly, the existence of channels for this recharge. It is assumed that oil comes from the depths of the Earth through crustal waveguides or oil pipelines.

C) Before the decline in oil prices, there was a boom in the production of oil and gas from shale in the world. At the same time, few people thought about how the hydrocarbons migrated into these ultra-low permeability shales of 10-2-10-6 mD? Thus, the gas contained in the shale is practically adsorbed by the surface of the pore channels, and it is possible to extract it only when organizing a network of cracks and creating large depressions.

D) Traditionally, the age of hydrocarbons is understood as the age of reservoir rocks containing these hydrocarbons. However, the experiments of American and Canadian researchers on the use of the radiocarbon method for the C14 isotope showed that the age of oils from different wells in the Gulf of California is 4-6 thousand years [18].

Note that this age of oil beats with the time of destruction of hydrocarbons. Otherwise, hydrocarbons from deposits that are millions of years old would have undergone oxidation and vertical migration long ago even through the highest-quality covers of deposits, with the exception, probably, only of salt ones. According to the data of Acad. Dmitrievsky A. N. gas from Cenomanian deposits in Western Siberia should disappear in a few hundred or thousand years due to vertical migration.

Thus, the existing petroleum science has accumulated a lot of unsolved problems that cannot be resolved within the framework of the current state of science. Let us try to briefly outline the new scientific paradigm developed by N. V. Levashov. [19], which, among other things, allows you to create a new concept of oil and gas formation.

Basic provisions of the concept

According to modern scientific concepts, the space around us is assumed to be three-dimensional (top-bottom, left-right, back-forward) and homogeneous. However, it is perceived by our eyes as three-dimensional. And our eyes do not see everything, since their purpose is to provide an adequate response to the nature around us. At the same time, human eyes are adapted to function in the planet's atmosphere.

We take the "picture" that we see for three-dimensional space. " But this is far from reality.

There are many examples confirming the heterogeneity of space. For example, astronomers and astrophysicists know the fact that during a total solar eclipse it is possible to observe objects that our Sun covers with itself. But electromagnetic waves in homogeneous space must propagate in a straight line. Consequently, the space is not homogeneous. Another confirmation is research on a radio telescope, carried out beyond the Earth's atmosphere [20].

Inhomogeneity is a curvature of space, which leads to a change in dimensionality within this heterogeneity. The dimensionality of our Universe is equal to L7 = 3, 00017, the dimensionality of the existence of physically dense matter on our planet changes on the scales shown in Fig. 2.

As we can see, the dimensionality of space differs from 3 by a certain fractional amount, and this difference is caused by the curvature of space. Moreover, the dimension L changes at different points in space. The idea of space inhomogeneity allowed Levashov N. V. substantiate and explain practically all phenomena of animate and inanimate nature.

A continuous change in the dimensionality of space in different directions (gradients of dimensionality) creates levels within which matter has certain properties and qualities. When passing from one level to another, there is a qualitative leap in the properties and manifestations of matter.

1. The lower level of dimension.

2. The upper level of dimension

Rice. 2. The range of dimensionality of the existence of physically dense matter

So, the space around us is not three-dimensional and homogeneous. The heterogeneity of space means that its properties and qualities are different in different areas of space.

The next basic concept is matter. Classically, it is believed that matter exists in two forms - field and matter. However, the concept of matter is broader. In addition to it, there are the so-called primary matters - the first bricks of matter, from which, under certain conditions, various combinations of matters are formed, called hybrid matters.

Primary matters are not perceived by our senses, but exist independently of this. It should be recalled that we do not see radio waves, but this does not mean that they do not exist, because we actively use them in everyday life. In modern physics, these invisible matters are called "dark matter" due to its invisibility and intangibility, either by the senses or by devices. Moreover, as noted above, "dark matter" is an order of magnitude more physically dense matter.

In our Universe, conditions have been created for the fusion of 7 basic primary matters, which can be designated by the letters of the Latin alphabet A, B, C, D, E, F and G. The conditions for the fusion of these matters are the curvature of space by a certain amount.

In a supernova explosion, concentric waves of perturbation of the dimensionality of space propagate from the center, which create zones of inhomogeneity of space. There is a deformation of the dimension, or the curvature of space. These fluctuations in the dimensionality of space are similar to waves that appear on the surface of the water after a stone is thrown. The ejected surface layers of the star fall into these deformation zones, in which active synthesis of matter takes place and planets are formed (Fig. 3).

Rice. 3 - The birth of planets in zones of curvature of space during a supernova explosion

When all 7 primary matters merge, under the influence of a certain value of the dimensional gradient, a physically dense substance is formed, which exists in solid, liquid, gaseous and plasma aggregate states. The physically dense matter of the planet is distributed over the ranges of stability, which are the levels of separation between the atmosphere, oceans and the solid surface of the planet. When a smaller number of primary matters merge (less than 7), hybrid forms of matter invisible and imperceptible by devices are formed (Fig. 4).

1. Physically dense sphere, merging of matters ABCDEFG,

2. Second material sphere, ABCDEF,

3. Third planetary sphere, ABCDE,

4. Fourth planetary sphere, ABCD, 5. Fifth planetary sphere, ABC,

6. Sixth material sphere, AB.

Rice. 4 - Six planetary spheres of the Earth

The planet should be considered only as a collection of six spheres (Fig. 4). It is in this case that it is possible to get a full picture of the ongoing processes and get the correct ideas about nature as a whole.

Matter that fills space affects the properties and qualities of the space that it fills, and space affects matter, that is, feedback appears. As a result, an equilibrium state is established between matter and space.

Upon completion of the formation of planetary spheres in the zone of inhomogeneity of the dimensionality of space, the level of dimensionality of space returns to the original level, which was before the supernova explosion. Hybrid forms of matter, by their influence at the microcosmic level, compensate for the deformation of the dimension that arose during a supernova explosion, but do not "remove" it. After the completion of the planet's formation process, primary matters continue to “flow in” and “flow out” from the zone of inhomogeneity.

Due to the fact that the planet partially loses its substance, mainly in the form of a gas plume during the movement of the planet and the radioactive decay of elements, a slight additional synthesis of physically dense matter occurs and the balance is thus restored.

Inside the planetary zone of inhomogeneity, there are many small inhomogeneities that affect the primary matters "flowing" through them, as a result of which, each area of the surface is permeated by the flows of primary matters in a certain proportional ratio.

As a result of this, depending on the specific distribution of matter, there is a synthesis of certain elements during the formation of the planet. This is the reason for the formation of deposits of certain elements and minerals in different parts of the crust and at different depths. And, when these deposits are developed, in this place there is a heterogeneity of the dimension, which provokes the synthesis of the same elements. Upon completion of the synthesis, the balance of dimensionality is restored. True, the synthesis restoring the balance can last for hundreds, and sometimes even thousands of years. For example, few people know that when examining mines worked out about three hundred years ago in the Urals, geologists again discovered emeralds that grew in the same places.

In this way, mineral deposits, including hydrocarbon deposits, are formed in strictly defined places that have conditions for this. Each area of the planet's surface is penetrated in one direction or another by a certain superposition (proportional ratio) of the primary matters A, B, C, D, E, F and G, which serves as the basis for the synthesis of hydrocarbons, as well as replenishment of reserves as they are depleted from the field (Fig. 5). It is this concept that makes it possible to explain all the existing accumulated experimental observations on the geology and development of oil fields.

1. The core of the planet.

2. Belt of magma.

3. Bark.

4. Atmosphere.

5. The second material sphere.

6. Circulation of primary matters through the surface of the planet.

7. Negative geomagnetic zones (downdrafts of primary matters).

8. Positive geomagnetic zones (ascending flows of primary matters).

Rice. 5. Inflow and outflow of primary matters from the planet

Discussion

The presented explanations for the generation of hydrocarbons do not lead to disagreement with the existing opinion about the intrusion of hydrocarbons into the existing reservoirs of different geological epochs on the scale of one field. This is also fully consistent with the above-mentioned theses of Acad. Dmitrievsky A. N., who noted the secondary nature of hydrocarbons in reservoirs.

At the same time, it is absolutely not necessary that the oil enters the reservoir through oil pipelines. It is synthesized in the reservoir itself from primary matter, which in general could not even be imagined by traditional science, which only fixed the accompanying conditions for the formation of oil, and did not look for the cause of its genesis. In this case, the basic law of conservation of matter is not violated, since oil does not arise out of nowhere, but is synthesized from primary matter at a certain gradient of dimension.

Along the way, we note that the constant synthesis of elements and minerals in zones of inhomogeneities is just as suitable for explaining the existence of various radioactive isotopes of elements on our Earth about 6 billion years old.

Using this concept, it is also possible to explain the influence of cosmic factors on the processes of oil genesis [9, 10]. In particular, outbursts of solar activity, a change in the general level of dimensionality of macrospace, due to the fact that the solar system moves relative to the nucleus of our galaxy, and, as a consequence of this, falls into areas with other levels of its own dimension, due to the inhomogeneity of space itself, lead to a change dimensions of the macro space. Accordingly, a redistribution of physically dense matter occurs within the zone of heterogeneity of the planet and the conditions for the synthesis of minerals, including hydrocarbons, change.

As we can see, neither the supporters of the biogenic concept, nor the supporters of the abiogenic concept, nor the supporters of mixed concepts could explain the origin of oil. The latter is very reminiscent of an attempt by physicists to impose on the electron simultaneously the dual properties of a particle and a wave. However, by their nature, a particle and a wave are, in principle, incompatible and you should not try to combine them. The same reasoning applies to the dual (mixed) concepts of oil and gas formation. The answer to both of these questions (on the properties of the electron and on the generation of oil) must be sought in a completely different way. Along the way, this reasoning conceals the answer to another question - is it possible to study only the petroleum sciences without building a real picture of the universe?

If it is possible to understand what proportional amount of matter, in what direction and with what intensity must pass through the oil field, then it becomes possible to independently control the processes of synthesis and destruction of oil fields. At present, an experiment is underway at one of the depleted fields in Russia to increase the rate of oil synthesis.

Main conclusions

So, within the framework of a new picture of the universe, based on an understanding of the laws of the macrocosm and microcosm, a concept of hydrocarbon formation is proposed, which is fully consistent with the results of existing observations and research in the field of geology and oil field development. In particular, oil and gas are formed under certain conditions in reservoirs and are the product of the synthesis of a specific distribution of primary matters. These conditions are zones of inhomogeneity of the space of our planet, which are filled with physically dense matter of a certain composition (hydrocarbons), while compensating for the dimensional difference. During the production of oil and gas, the balance of space dimensionality is disturbed, which again leads to their synthesis.

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Acknowledgments: The author is grateful to Doctor of Technical Sciences, prof. Ibatullin R. R. and Doctor of Geology and Mathematics, prof. Trofimov V. A. for critical comments on this work.

Iktisanov V. A., Institute "TatNIPIneft", Concept of Oil and Gas Formation from Primary Matter, Journal "Oil Province" No. 1 2016