The work of V.I. Dahl as a reproach to the Tsarist and Soviet linguistic academics

2024 Author: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 15:55

A little more than two hundred years ago, the first Russian explanatory dictionary was published. Dahl had six more years left.

Lexicography was in a deplorable state. It must be said that in Russia there has never existed either the tradition of collecting and writing down words, or, in general, any interest in one's language.

What to talk about if the first Russian dictionary was compiled by the Englishman James in 1619. And it is from this date that many of our modern etymologists, without hesitation, count the history of Russian words.

Until now, we use the etymological dictionary of the Russian language, which came from the pen of the German Vasmer, where the logic is approximately the following: since German geese are known for their fatness, the word hans is natively German.

And the first ever dictionary of Russian phraseology came out - it's scary to think - not later than forty years ago.

Against the background of this old lazy lexicographic insufficiency, the 40-year-old individual labor of Vladimir Ivanovich Dahl soared up like 33 heroes from the depths of the sea. An oasis in a scorched intellectual space.

It cannot be said that Dahl's scientific biography was unsuccessful. His lexicographic and ethnographic activity during his lifetime was both approved and encouraged. At the age of 37, he was already a corresponding member of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, and for the first issues of the "Dictionary" V. I. Dal received the gold Constantine medal from the Imperial Geographical Society, in 1868 he was elected an honorary member of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, and after the publication of the entire dictionary was awarded the Lomonosov Prize. And all this despite the criticism of the hierarchs from science, and even just defamation.

She especially took up arms against V. I. Dahl's academic science after his death. And a self-taught, and regional dialectisms and root-seeking - whatever he was accused of, even of being infatuated with spiritualism, “inclination to poetry” (?), And even “a certain radical, organic defect in the entire spiritual warehouse” (see. Encyclopedia Brockhaus and Efron), as if forgetting that in fact V. I. Dahl plowed on an empty field, because the dictionaries published before him were actually not Russian, but Church Slavonic.

It is clear that with such a position, academic science had no choice but to show the whole world what a Russian explanatory dictionary should be like.

A research team was created under the leadership of Academician Groth, who worked for quite a long time. By 1895, 1 volume was published (Letters A-D). Then the concept changed. Academician Shakhmatov took over the leadership and for 12 years(1907), by strained efforts communities of academicswas added three more letters(E, F, H). And now the dictionary looked more like Dahl's. See about this in the Introduction to Ushakov's Dictionary.

Nobody has heard anything else about this dictionary. As a result, the academic mountain did not give birth to a mouse.

In the Soviet era, the great lexicologist was practically forgotten. Apparently, the decisive role was played here by the remark of Lenin, who expressed his dissatisfaction with Dahl's explanatory dictionary, which was already "outdated."

It is clear that in the numerous textbooks of linguistics concocted during the years of Soviet power, you will not even find a mention of the giant. But even in special works, the figure of default is used.

So, among more than three hundred names mentioned in the book of Berezin F. M. “Russian linguistics of the late 19th - early 20th centuries.”(Publishing house“Science”) the names of V. I. Dahl, the pride of Russian linguistics, not at all.

Our renowned specialist in lexicography, Yu. N. Karaulov, author of General and Russian Ideography (Nauka Publishing House), seems to have never heard of V. I. Dale.

S. I. Ozhegov, who could not be ignorant of Dal's gigantic work, since he took part in the compilation of Ushakov's dictionary, in which Dal is still mentioned (1935), did not consider it necessary in his preface to refer to the work of the man on whose shoulders he actually stood.

Resolve the question. Where did Ozhegov get an outdated and colloquial word twist in the sense of "getting married"? Of course, it was stolen from V. I. Dahl, at the time of which this word was not yet outdated. So you should refer to. At least in the preface. Or how, gentlemen, academicians?

It comes to the point that they take Dahl's words and patent them in order to later make money by suing the Russian people for the right to use their language. Someone Uspensky allegedly invented an "beast unknown to science" under the name " cheburashka ”. Like, no one knows Dalia, so you can steal from this source as much as you like.

Open Dahl, Messrs. Uspensky, read in black and white: Cheburashka, vol. "Vanka-stand up, a pupa, which, no matter how you throw it, rises on its own feet." Let's add: from the Arabic sabu: p "patient".

In Arabic, this root is "ship ballast". And in Russian there is a parallel: cheburakh “balance point, tipping point”.

But look how V. I. Dahl reveals and after his death these scammers.

By the way, at one time he worked in the Ministry of Justice, which in Arabic is called ada: la, literally “justice”. In the Russian expression of places not so distant, the Russian word is only one - places. Behind the remainder, in fact, is an Arab sentence, which literally says nassat al-adala unna "which was awarded by the justice." The essence of a person is determined by the name.

No matter how hard the cryptologists of the void tried to wipe out the honest name of V. I. Dahl, his vocabulary will remain in eternity, and the names of linguistic wastelands will sink into oblivion

Why? Because all the academic fraternity, taken together, is not able to understand that dictionary by V. I. Dahl has a document of the era … It is composed according to the principle “what I see is what I write”. Probably, the effect of the maritime training.

So that's it. This “self-taught dilettante” in the scientific level of his selfless work was far ahead of the thoughts of the father of structural linguistics F. de Saussure about the synchronicity and diachrony of the language system. And even when in the 60s of the last century rumors about the Saussure system reached our academicians, they still did not realize that in our country there is a systematic description of the synchronic state of the language system at the lexical level has been brought to life for a century since.

As for the label “self-taught amateur”, thank God that the powder of edifying academics did not touch his head. Otherwise, instead of a document of the era, we would have a normative smear. It is characteristic that our normalizers are just accusing Dahl of trying to standardize the language. Truly, those who have faults tend to see them in those around them.

Here's another shortcut from the scientific community: "root seeker." So what kind of science, gentlemen, academicians, without seeking? It is clear that at that time and in that musty atmosphere academic dominance IN AND. Dahl could not, devoting himself exclusively to the Russian language, find the correct way to etymologize words. But he had to look for him. Why?

Well, firstly, because he was a scientist, as they say, from God.

And secondly, his name prompted him to search. The fact is that the Arabic root dall means “to show (the way), to prove”, “to point to the meaning”. From here they gave: l "reference book", "guide", gave: la "the meaning of the word, what the word indicates." That V. I. Dahl successfully performed it, compiling a reference book of the meanings of words in the Russian language. And all future Russia will glorify him forever and ever, if he does not lose his mind.

By the way, from this root Russian bitwhich literally means "guides" in Arabic. Dahl refers this word to the root oud "tackle, projectile", which is incorrect, because it is the last word from the Arabic oudd "device". There are different roots here: DLL and ЪDD.

But Dal did not yet know that the principle of the etymologization of Russian words is simple: everything that has no motive in Russian, from words to any expressions, is explained using the Arabic language. And vice versa. There are no exceptions to this rule.

This pair of languages constitutes the core of the common human language. It's called RA. Dictionaries have already been compiled, conceptual works written. The problems of etymology have been finally resolved. But they were resolved, among other things, thanks to the gigantic work of V. I. Dahl.

How, for example, to understand that the Arabic word yakrut “pimp” comes from the Russian language, in which it was first documented by V. I. Dahlem. And such cases are countless.

IN AND. Dal used the pseudonym Cossack Lugansky. He did not know that in Arabic, meadowa means "language." But I felt it and went forward, paving the way for the Russian people to the Truth.

For the sake of fairness, it must be said that the root-nesting principle of the dictionary organization at that time made it somewhat difficult to find the right word, because in order to correctly isolate the root, philological training is needed. But in our time, when electronic search has appeared, the problem has been removed, and users, I think, have already felt the advantages of this way of organizing the dictionary.

The efforts of our compatriot were not in vain. Nowadays, they are becoming more and more in demand, despite those who would not like it. Moreover, they have already entered the treasury of Russian thought forever.