How to build a Russian brick oven with your own hands

2024 Author: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 15:55

Is it possible to fold a Russian stove with your own hands? This is really possible, but first you should carefully study the instructions, carefully disassemble all the schemes, but most importantly, it would be nice to have an internship with a professional.

The best option would be to carry out all the necessary work under the supervision of a qualified stove-maker, who will prevent possible errors when reading the order during the masonry process.

The problem is that just one incorrectly placed brick can ruin everything.

There are often cases when, due to such an oversight, the masonry had to be completely redone, since the oven had no traction at all, or it was too strong.

If you are not afraid of warnings and are not afraid of possible difficulties, and you decide to test yourself as a stove-maker without making irreparable mistakes, it is important to follow the instructions exactly and follow the rules of work. In addition, the choice of material should be approached with all responsibility.

You need to know the necessary parameters for the device of capital heating devices so that they fully comply with specially developed standards: this is the only way to avoid claims from fire inspectors.

Content:

• 1 Description of the Russian stove: basic structure

• 2 Russian brick stove: choosing a place

  • 2.1 How to fold the oven? Required tools
  • 2.2 Russian stove with stove: required materials
  • 2.3 Russian stove: foundation
  • 2.4 Russian stove Kamenka: mortar for masonry

  • 2.5 Russian stove: masonry

    2.5.1 Russian stove with a stove bench: drying

Description of the Russian stove: basic structure

The scheme of a Russian stove can be different, it can be of one model or another, but in any case it must be a heating and cooking stove, and in addition, it must certainly have a stove bench and an oven. Before starting work on such a structure, you should familiarize yourself with its detailed structure in order to find out all the components, their functions and structure. The familiar scheme of a typical Russian stove has the following constituent elements:

• A cold stove is typical for this particular type of oven. Can be used to store dishes. Optional attribute.
• The baking oven is used for drying and storing stored firewood. Not a very functional part, therefore, not available for all types of ovens.
• Six is a special niche that is located in front of the crucible. A stove for cooking is often arranged here. If it is not there, then the food cooked in the furnace is stored on the pole. This will keep it hot.
• Crucible, or cooking chamber. Usually they put firewood there, and a cast iron for the Russian stove or other heat-resistant dishes for cooking food is also placed here. The vault of the chamber slopes towards the entrance. This geometry ensures the accumulation of heated air under the ceiling: it is he who participates in heating the side walls and stove bench.

• Underneath is the bottom of the cooking chamber or furnace. This stove element also has a slope towards the entrance, which facilitates the movement of the dishes. It is advisable to grind the surface of the hearth.

  

• The overtube is a special niche above the pole, the chimney starts just above it.
• A strangler (another name for a samovar) is an outdated element designed specifically for a samovar pipe inserted into this hole. Today, this element is almost never made in ovens due to its uselessness.
• View is a special window with a door that completely covers the chimney. Through it you can get to the damper regulating the draft, which is a processed plate. Instead of a damper, a gate valve is more often used today.
• Heat channel located above the pole.
• The location where the damper is located.
• Above the crucible, behind the chimney, there is a bed. When the stove is fired, this part warms up remarkably, and remains hot for a long time. Previously, in cold weather, it was used as a bed, so its dimensions were appropriate.

In modern drawings of Russian stoves, some traditional elements of the old stove are replaced or completely removed. Along with this, the new device has become more compact, convenient and functional. The oven now has a hot water tank and a cooking stove. Another difference between the modern model is that it often provides for strong heating of the underfloor section. Such a device provides a much better and faster heating of the oven, which, in turn, heats the air in the room better.

The presence of various sections in the design of the device allows you to heat only the cooker for cooking in a warm season, without heating the entire room and saving fuel. In winter, all elements of the device are involved, all available channels are warmed up, and the oven begins to perform many functions. At the same time, it is a stove and an oven, heats the room and heats the water, being at the same time a cozy bed.

The oven in its modern version can maintain the required temperature on an area of up to forty square meters.

Russian brick stove: choosing a place

An extremely crucial moment is the competent choice of a place for the construction of a structure. If it is intended to install it in a wooden structure, then there must be an appropriate distance from it to the walls of the building, the minimum value of which is at least twenty centimeters. Walls made of wood materials must be secured with special non-combustible materials.

For this, non-combustible asbestos boards are usually used. The presence of free space (gap) between the walls and the stove is also necessary for carrying out the obligatory regular revision of the walls of the device. The stove can be installed between two different rooms. In this case, the opening in the wall should be lined with reliable brickwork from twenty centimeters thick. You can strengthen it by installing an asbestos gasket between it and the wood of the wall.

How to fold the oven? Required tools

Regardless of which project of the Russian stove is chosen, the same improvised means and tools will be needed to equip it. They should be taken care of in advance.

• A trowel or trowel will be required to apply mortar to bricks, to clean up masonry, to remove excess cement.
• A hammer-pickaxe is needed for splitting and cutting bricks, since masonry elements of different shapes and sizes will be needed for work;

• 

• Joining. If the product does not have a decorative coating, then this tool will be needed to ensure a neat look of the masonry. With its help, the seams are neatly made out.
• With the help of a mooring cord, they ensure proper evenness of the rows. True, modern craftsmen prefer more the usual plumb line and building level;
• Ordering is a device that allows you to ensure the verticality of the masonry and equal thickness of the seams;
• The plumb bob can be quickly and easily positioned where you want it. They determine the verticality of the wall;
• The building level is a necessary thing when laying. He should always be at hand with the master;
• Rule - usually used only once, to level the foundation;
• Solution container and spatula;
• Special measuring bar for measuring the thickness of the seams.

Russian stove with stove: required materials

Each type of oven requires a certain amount of materials, which depends on its model and dimensions. Building materials are needed not only for laying out the walls and internal sections of the furnace, but also for making the foundation. The Russian stove is a very impressive and massive structure, and needs a solid, reliable foundation.

It is better not to skimp on materials, choosing not too high quality and cheap. After all, any master wants the resulting design to be not only attractive and respectable, but also to regularly perform its functions.

To build a furnace, you will need red hardened brick, cleaned sand, oily clay, a hob, furnace doors, grates, blowing and cleaning doors, a water tank, a furnace flap, a smoke valve; steel sheets, corners and strips. To arrange the foundation, you will need to purchase sand, crushed stone, cement, formwork boards and reinforcement. The amount of materials depends on the width and depth of the base.

Russian stove: foundation

The Russian stove is a solid and solid structure that requires an appropriate foundation. You will have to dig a pit for him. The dimensions of the pit should be 12-15 centimeters larger than the perimeter of the future structure on all four sides. Its depth depends on the density and reliability of the soil: the average ranges from 50 to 70 centimeters.

Well compacted sand (15-20 cm) is placed on the bottom, broken brick or crushed stone on top, which are also compacted (layer 10-15 cm), and then everything is leveled with another layer of sand. Then a double layer of roofing material is poured there, on which a plank formwork is placed. For tightness, its walls are lined with dense polyethylene (so that the solution does not seep through the cracks).

The concrete mixture is prepared from crushed stone, cement, sand and water, in specified proportions, until a semi-liquid consistency is obtained. The solution is poured into the installed formwork with a primary layer 20-22 cm thick. To avoid the formation of voids, bubbles and caverns, the mass is rammed with a bayonet shovel, piercing it to the full depth.

In the solution that begins to solidify, the reinforcement rods are vertically installed so that they rise by 5-7 centimeters above the surface.

Then another layer is poured, more massive: its thickness is 10-15 centimeters. When it begins to set, a metal mesh is placed on the surface.

To the very top, the formwork is filled with concrete mixture, the top is leveled by the rule along a predetermined horizon. This is often the top edge of the formwork itself. When the concrete completely hardens, the mass will acquire the necessary strength, another layer of roofing material is spread on top.

Russian stove Kamenka: mortar for masonry

The stove has many complex functions, therefore, there are special requirements for the mortar for its masonry. It should be thin and elastic enough, seal the seams with high quality, and not form cracks. Preparing the mixture correctly is not an easy task, and every kiln master has his own secrets.

Today, in specialized stores, you can find a ready-made heat-resistant product necessary for masonry. But experienced craftsmen are sure that the traditional home-made mortar from sand and clay is much better than ready-made cement mixtures. This is probably partly true. Well, as for the environmental friendliness of the composition, this is true.

The main difficulty in preparing the correct solution lies in the selection of the ingredients. The clay can be either too oily or too lean. For the masonry of stoves, a thicker material is preferable, giving the mixture the elasticity necessary for the seams. It is difficult to determine the optimal ratio of elements, which is important for the preparation of a composition of proper quality.

Before preparing the mixture, the soaked clay is rubbed through a mesh with a mesh size of 0.5 cm to obtain the most homogeneous mass. When they go to the hoard of the furnace, instead of sand, chamotte powder is often used, in proportion to three parts of clay, one part of chamotte.

Russian stove: masonry

To avoid becoming a source of danger in the home, the stove must be completely sealed. Poor quality materials, such as cracked bricks, must not be used. The size of the brick should be between 5 and 8 millimeters.

To ensure tightness, do not coat the inner surface of the furnace with a clay composition, since this mixture will aggravate soot deposition, as well as reduce the thermal conductivity of the device.

Masonry is carried out in different sections of the structure in different ways - brick length, quarter brick and half brick. The ligation of the stove corners is performed in different ways, but the main principle is the interweaving of a brick poke and a spoon. They lay out the building according to special instructions: the order of Russian stoves describes in detail how, and in which row, the brick should lie, what additional parts are needed at each specific stage.

Ceramic bricks must be well soaked before laying so that they do not absorb water from the solution. Further, the mortar and the brick will lose moisture evenly, with good mutual adhesion, which ensures reliable tightness. The solution protruding from the seams is immediately removed from both the inside and outside of the masonry. So the structure will be as functional and tidy as possible.

Internal walls are usually laid in half a brick, external in half, or in a whole stone. Thick outer walls increase the heating time of the oven and also require more fuel. Therefore, the most often used is the best option - half a brick for both walls.

Russian stove with a stove bench: drying

The masonry process is finally completed. But this does not mean that it is already possible to begin to fully exploit it. If you immediately start to drown it thoroughly, it will dry unevenly, acquiring ugly stains on the surface. The mortar filling the joints can begin to crack, which will lead to the depressurization of the system.

To prevent this, you need to wait until the stove dries naturally. For which she will need about 10 or 12 days. The doors and latches on it must be open. To provide better conditions for faster drying, a lamp (200-250W) is placed in the cooking chamber. When the first stage of drying comes to an end, you should proceed to the following procedures - forced.

A small amount of firewood burns in the stove, with a closed firebox, but with open valves. For seven to ten days, the stove is heated according to a special system. The first couple of days for the firebox it will take no more than 4.5 kg of fuel, to which 1-1.5 kilograms are added daily. This happens throughout the entire forced drying period.

How to check if the device is ready for use?

If drops of condensate do not collect on metal elements during the next firebox, you can proceed to the control firebox. It should be full, with a normal amount of fuel. If even small cracks appear in the seams, do not rush to cover them up. During the heating season, they will either increase or remain unchanged. After the end of the period of active use, repairs are carried out, and all flaws are repaired.