Who ordered Russia in 1917

2024 Author: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 15:55

“Russian revolt, senseless and merciless” became meaningful and useful for those who organized it. By the beginning of the XX century. disruptive technologies have already been worked out, and from 1900-1901. foreign political and financial circles took under the patronage of the Russian revolutionaries.

An important role in these operations was played by the prominent Austrian socialist Viktor Adler, associated with the special services of Austria-Hungary. He performed the functions of a "personnel department", looked for "promising" candidates among the revolutionaries. Another key figure was Alexander Parvus (Gelfand), associated with the special services of Germany and England. He attracted Ulyanov-Lenin and Martov under his "wing", set up the production of Iskra, creating the nucleus of a new party.

L. D. Trotsky.

At the same time, Leon Trotsky, an unremarkable dropout student, was exiled to Siberia. But his literary talents were noticed and organized an escape. The chain was instantly taken from Irkutsk to Vienna, where he showed up … to Adler's apartment. He was treated kindly, supplied with money and documents and sent to London to Ulyanov. Then Parvus warmed Trotsky and made him his student.

The first blow to Russia was struck in 1904, it was pitted against Japan. American bankers Morgan, Rockefellers, Schiff provided loans that allowed Tokyo to wage the war. Great Britain provided diplomatic support - the Russians found themselves in international isolation. And the rear of Russia was blown up by the revolution. And just in connection with this, Trotsky was released into the political arena. He was still nothing, zero without a wand. But rather high-ranking officials suddenly began to nurse him, ensured a transfer to Russia, and pushed him into the leadership of the St. Petersburg Soviet. And Lenin was slowed down at the same time. They made him wait aimlessly for the courier with the documents, and he ended up in Russia when all important posts were occupied. It is clear that not him, but Trotsky, was promoted to the role of leader.

However, the first revolution failed. The patriotic forces, capable of repelling subversive elements, also had sufficient weight. And in Europe, Germany began to rattle arms, threatening France and England.

They preferred to curtail the onslaught on Russia. The financial flows that fueled the revolution were cut off. And the revolutionaries themselves meant too little. In emigration, they quarreled, dividing into a mass of currents, and in Russia they were all jailed.

But a new war was approaching. Germany expanded the network of agents, and not only the military. One of the leaders of the German special services was the largest Hamburg banker Max Warburg, under his patronage in advance, in 1912, Olaf Aschberg's Nia-Bank was created in Stockholm, through which the money would later go to the Bolsheviks. In their own way, they prepared for war in the United States. The financial aces put their protégé Wilson into the presidency. Aiming to row super-profits, they corrected the laws through it, created the Federal Reserve System (an analogue of the Central Bank, it is not a state structure, but a ring of private banks).

Max Warburg - director of the Hamburg bank “M. M. Warburg & K^O".

A new upsurge also began among the revolutionaries. They have strong and fruitful connections with financiers. Even related "couples" have emerged. Yakov Sverdlov is a Bolshevik in Russia, and his brother Benjamin goes to the USA and somehow very quickly creates his own bank there. Leon Trotsky is a revolutionary in exile. And in Russia there is his uncle Abram Zhivotovsky, a banker and a millionaire (they did not break ties between themselves). Their relatives were also Kamenev, who was married to Trotsky's sister, Martov. Another "couple" are the Menzhinsky brothers. One is a Bolshevik, the other is a big banker.

The World War has created fertile ground for destructive processes. Sometimes researchers point to the "weakness", "backwardness" of tsarist Russia. This is nothing more than a propaganda lie. Russia received its first catastrophic blow not from its opponents, but from its allies.

The stocks of weapons and ammunition in all the belligerent countries turned out to be insufficient, and our Ministry of War placed an order for 5 million shells, 1 million rifles, 1 billion cartridges, etc. at the British Armstrong and Vickers factories. The order was accepted with shipment in March 1915, which should have been enough for the summer campaign. But the Russians were set up, they got nothing. The result was "shell famine", "rifle famine" and "great retreat", Poland had to leave the enemy, part of the Baltic states, Belarus, Ukraine.

It turned out that "friends" and opponents were playing in the same direction. So, the story of the "German gold" for the Bolsheviks has long been known. On behalf of the Kaiser's government, it came from Max Warburg and was laundered through Aschberg's Nia-Bank. But no one asks the question: where did Germany have the "extra" gold? She fought a difficult war on several fronts, bought raw materials and food abroad. And revolutions are expensive. Hundreds of millions were spent on this.

Edward Mandel House - American politician, diplomat, adviser to President Woodrow Wilson.

By 1917, surplus funds were available only in one country - the United States, which received "fat" from supplies to the belligerent states. And Max Warburg's brothers, Paul and Felix, lived in America. Partners of Kuhn & Loeb Bank, with Paul Warburg being the Vice President of the US Federal Reserve System.

E. Sutton provides evidence that Morgan and a number of other bankers also took part in financing the revolution. And in its planning an important role was played by the circle of President Wilson. His "gray eminence" House wrote with concern that the victory of the Entente "would mean European domination of Russia." But he also considered the victory of Germany extremely undesirable. Conclusion - the Entente must win, but without Russia. House, long before Brzezinski, expressed that “the rest of the world will live more calmly if, instead of a huge Russia, there are four Russias in the world. One is Siberia, and the rest is the divided European part of the country."

In the summer of 1916, he instilled in the president that America should enter the war, but only after the overthrow of the tsar, so that the war itself would acquire the character of a struggle of "world democracy" against "world absolutism." But the date for the entry of the United States into the war was stipulated in advance, was appointed for the spring of 1917.

One of House's closest associates was the resident of the British intelligence service MI6 in the United States, William Weissman (before the war he was a banker and after the war he would become a banker, he would be admitted to the Kuhn and Loeb firm). Through Wiseman, House’s policy was coordinated with the elite of the British government - Lloyd George, Balfour, Milner.

Secret connections reveal such intricacies that it remains only to throw up his hands. So, Trotsky's uncle Zhivotovsky was in close contact with Olaf Aschberg, the owner of the "laundering" "Nia-Bank", created a joint "Swedish-Russian-Asian Company" with him. And Zhivotovsky's business representative in the United States was Solomon Rosenblum, better known as Sydney Reilly. A businessman and super spy who worked for William Weisman.

Reilly's office was in New York City at 120 Broadway. His companion Alexander Weinstein worked in the same office with Reilly. He also came from Russia, also associated with British intelligence and organized gatherings of Russian revolutionaries in New York. And Alexander's brother, Grigory Weinstein, was the owner of the Novy Mir newspaper, of which Trotsky became the editor upon his arrival in the United States. Bukharin, Kollontai, Uritsky, Volodarsky, Chudnovsky also collaborated in the editorial office of the newspaper. Moreover, at the indicated address, Broadway-120, the office of Benjamin Sverdlov was located, and he and Reilly were bosom friends. Are there too many "coincidences"?

With so many acquaintances in common, the British MI6 found it difficult to pass by Trotsky, and Weissman, with his book "Intelligence and Propaganda Work in Russia", mentions a "very famous international socialist" recruited in America. By all indications, only one person fits the characteristics of this character - Trotsky.

Parvus.

Western politicians and special services also had agents in the tsarist government. For example, the Deputy Minister of Railways Lomonosov (during the days of the revolution, who drove the train of Nicholas II instead of Tsarskoe Selo to the conspirators in Pskov), the Minister of Internal Affairs Protopopov (who shelved police reports on the conspiracy and for several days delayed information to the tsar about the riots in the capital), the minister Finance Bark. During his lobbying on January 2, 1917, on the eve of the revolution, a branch of the American National City Bank was opened for the first time in Petrograd.

And the first client was the conspirator Tereshchenko, who received a loan of 100 thousand dollars (at the current exchange rate - about 5 million dollars). For that time, the loan was completely unique, without preliminary negotiations, without specifying the purpose of the loan, security. They just gave the money and that's it. On the eve of the terrible events, the British War Minister, the banker Milner, also visited Petrograd.

There is information that he also brought very large sums. And just after his visit, agents of the British Ambassador Buchanan provoked riots in Petrograd. The American ambassador to Germany, Dodd, said that Crane, Wilson's representative in Russia, played an important role in the February events. And when the revolution broke out, House wrote to Wilson: "The current events in Russia have occurred largely due to your influence."

Yes, the influence was undeniable. After that, the "abdication" of Nicholas II was obtained by deception, who was slipped a list of the government for signature (allegedly on behalf of the Duma, which had never considered this issue), the "legitimacy" of the new government was not ensured by popular support - it was ensured by the instant recognition of the West. The United States recognized the Provisional Government on March 22, the famous Americanist A. I. Utkin notes: "This was an absolute time record for cable communications and for the operation of the American mechanism of external relations." March 24 was followed by recognition from England, France, Italy.

After the February Revolution, emigrants gathered for their homeland. Lenin was allowed through Germany. But Trotsky's path lay through the possessions of England, and in the counterintelligence dossier he was listed as a German spy. However, Lev Davidovich immediately received American citizenship. Installed - received at the direction of Wilson. And yet a mysterious story happened. The British authorities issued a transit visa to Trotsky without any problems, but they arrested him in the Canadian port of Halifax. Only a month later, the United States stood up for its citizen, and he was released.

Just as in 1905 Lenin was "held back", so in 1917 Trotsky was held back. Now Lenin was the first to come and become the leader of the revolution - having traveled through Germany and stained like a "German henchman." The blame for the impending disaster had to be shifted exclusively to the Germans. The operation was too dirty.

After all, the French and the majority of British leaders, even those involved in subversive actions, believed that the goal had already been achieved. Russia was weakened, the Provisional Government became much more obedient than the tsarist government, fulfilling any requirements of the West. When carving up the fruits of victory, Russian interests could be ignored. But the upper circles of the political and financial elite in the United States and Britain were hatching a different plan. Russia was to collapse completely. This postponed victory, additional seas of blood were to be shed on the fronts. But the gain also promised to be colossal - Russia would forever drop out of the ranks of the West's competitors. And she herself could be put into the section along with the defeated.

For this, a staged demolition system was applied. The conspiratorial liberals led by Lvov, having broken a piece of wood, under pressure from the Western powers, yielded power to the radical "reformers" led by Kerensky. And the Bolsheviks pushed to replace them. True, Kornilov made an attempt to restore order in the country. Initially, he received the warm support of British and French diplomats. But their policy was thwarted by the US Ambassador to Petrograd, Francis. At his insistence and on the new instructions received, the Entente ambassadors suddenly changed their position and instead of Kornilov supported Kerensky.

And besides the official representatives of foreign powers, unofficial ones acted. An American Red Cross mission arrived in Russia, but of its 24 members, only 7 were related to medicine. The rest are big businessmen or intelligence officers. The mission included John Reed, not only a journalist and author of the eulogy to Trotsky "10 days that shook the world", but also a seasoned spy (in 1915 he was arrested by Russian counterintelligence, but under pressure from the US State Department had to be released). There were also three secretaries-translators. Captain Ilovaisky is a Bolshevik, Boris Reinstein later became Lenin's secretary, and Alexander Gomberg was his "literary agent" during Trotsky's stay in the United States. Do you need comments?

Chief of Mission William Boyce Thompson (one of the directors of the US Federal Reserve System) and his deputy, Colonel Raymond Robins, became Kerensky's closest advisers. Another confidant of Kerensky was Somerset Maugham, the future great writer, and at that time a secret agent of the British MI6, subordinate to the US resident Weissman. Is it any wonder that under such advisors, the minister-chairman made the worst decisions and lost power almost without a fight?

By the way, from July to October, the Bolsheviks did not receive funding from Germany. After the failure of the July putsch, these channels were opened by Russian counterintelligence, and Lenin cut them off, fearing to discredit the party. But could there have been problems with money if there was such a peculiar American Red Cross in Petrograd?

A US Secret Service report dated December 12, 1918, noted that large sums for Lenin and Trotsky went through Federal Reserve Vice President Paul Warburg. And after the victory of the Bolsheviks, Thompson and Robins visited Trotsky and sent a request to Morgan to transfer $ 1 million to the Soviet government for emergency needs. This was reported by the Washington Post from 02.02.1918, a photocopy of Morgan's telegram about the transfer of money has been preserved.

Why all efforts were made, the true organizers of the revolution knew very well. Thompson, leaving Russia, visited England and presented to Prime Minister Lloyd George a memorandum: "… Russia would soon become the greatest trophy of war that the world has ever known." Yes, the "trophy" was grandiose. Our country dropped out of the ranks of the winners in the war, split into warring camps.

Trotsky, unexpectedly for many, became the people's commissar for military and naval affairs. And his main advisers in the formation of the Red Army were … British intelligence officers Lockhart, Hill, Cromie, the American Robins, the French Lavergne and Sadul. But the backbone of the new army at first was not the Russians, but the "internationalists", Latvians, and Chinese who had surged from abroad. And although the representatives of the Entente declared that they were helping the defense of Russia against Germany, 250 thousand German and Austrian prisoners were poured into the troops, 19% of the number of the Red Army! Of course, such an army was not suitable against the Germans. It remains - against the Russian people …

And the Soviet government turned out to be infected through and through with agents of the foreign "behind the scenes". They were not only Trotsky, but also Kamenev, Zinoviev, Bukharin, Rakovsky, Sverdlov, Kollontai, Radek, Krupskaya. The most important role was played by the gray and inconspicuous Larin (Mikhail Lurie). He somehow earned a reputation as an "economic genius" and gained a very great influence on Lenin. American historian R. Pipes noted that "Lenin's friend, a paralyzed invalid Larin-Lurie holds a record: in 30 months he destroyed the economy of a superpower." It was he who developed the schemes of "war communism": the prohibition of trade and its replacement by "product exchange", food appropriation, universal labor service with free work for a bread ration, forced "communization" of the peasants …

The appeal of L. D. Trotsky to the Czechoslovakians.

All this led to hunger, devastation, and inciting civil war. The gates for intervention were also thrown open. On March 1, 1918, under the pretext of a German threat, Trotsky officially invited the Entente troops to Murmansk. And on March 5, 1918, in a conversation with Robins, he expressed his readiness to place the Trans-Siberian Railway under American control. On April 27, Lev Davidovich suddenly suspended the dispatch of the Czechoslovak corps - it was supposed to be taken out to France through Vladivostok. Czech trains stopped in different cities from the Volga to Lake Baikal.

These actions were clearly coordinated with overseas patrons. On March 11, at a secret meeting in London, it was decided "to recommend the governments of the Entente countries not to take the Czechs out of Russia," but to use them "as interventionist troops." And Trotsky played along! On May 25, on the insignificant occasion of a fight between the Czechs and Hungarians, he issued an order to disarm the corps: "Every train in which at least one armed soldier is found must be imprisoned in a concentration camp." This order provoked a revolt of the corps, and the Entente contingents poured into the Czechs "to the rescue", capturing Siberia.

In the North, in Transcaucasia, Siberia, the interventionists plundered huge values. But they did not at all intend to overthrow Soviet power. Lloyd George stated this unequivocally: “The expediency of assisting Admiral Kolchak and General Denikin is all the more controversial because they are fighting for a united Russia. It’s not for me to tell whether this slogan is in line with British policy.” They simply seized what "lies badly."

But the plans for intervention failed. There was no unity in the Entente camp; everyone saw each other as competitors. A partisan movement developed in Russia, and a patriotic wing began to take shape in the Bolshevik party itself. The White Guards also mixed the cards of the Western powers. They did not want to trade in their homeland, they fought for "one and indivisible". But at the same time they blindly clung to an alliance with the Entente - and the Entente did everything so that they could not win. White support was scanty, it was carried out only to drag out the war and deepen the catastrophe of Russia. And useful interaction with high-ranking agents took place in the course of hostilities.

There were legends about Trotsky's train - where he appeared, defeats were replaced by victories. They explained that a headquarters of the best military specialists operated on the train, there was a select detachment of Latvians, long-range naval guns. But there were weapons on the train that were far more dangerous than cannons. A powerful radio station that made it possible to communicate even with France and England. So analyze the situation. In October 1919, Yudenich's army almost took Petrograd. Trotsky rushes there, organizing the defense by draconian measures. But even in the white rear, incomprehensible things begin. The British fleet, covering the offensive from the sea, suddenly leaves. Allied to Yudenich, the Estonians suddenly abandoned the front. And Lev Davidovich, due to his strange "perspicacity", aims his counterattacks precisely at the bare areas.

Later, the Estonian government let slip that it had entered into secret negotiations with the Bolsheviks in October. And in December, when the defeated White Guards and masses of refugees fled to Estonia, the bacchanalia began. Russians were killed on the streets, driven into concentration camps, thousands of women and children were forced to lie in the cold for days on the railroad tracks. A lot of people have died. For this, the Bolsheviks paid generously by signing the Treaty of Tartu with Estonia on February 2, 1920, recognizing its independence and giving it 1 thousand square meters in addition to the national territory.km of Russian land.

The surrender of weapons by the Chelovak corps. Penza. March 1918

Denikin and Kolchak also received blows in the back with the assistance of foreigners, and from 1920 the West entered into open contacts with the Bolsheviks. Estonia and Latvia have become customs "windows" through which gold poured abroad. It was exported in tons under the brand name of a fictitious "locomotive order". This is how the Bolsheviks paid off their patrons and creditors. The same Olaf Aschberg was in charge of "washing", offering everyone "an unlimited amount of Russian gold". In Sweden, it was melted down and spread to different countries behind other brands. The lion's share is in the United States.

Another colossal stream of values spilled over to the West in 1922–1923, after the defeat and robbery of the Orthodox Church. The modern American historian R. Spence comes to the conclusion: "We can say that the Russian revolution was accompanied by the most grandiose theft in history." Moreover, in the 1920s. American and British businessmen rushed to crush the Soviet markets, seized industrial enterprises and mineral deposits in concessions. For financial transactions with foreign circles, Roskombank (the prototype of Vneshtorgbank) was created in 1922, and it was headed by … the same Ashberg.

And the same Trotsky was in charge of the distribution of concessions. He also led a campaign to confiscate church valuables. For him, these operations have become generally a "family" affair. Participants were his sister, Olga Kameneva, and his wife, a certified art critic. She received the post of head of the Glavmuseum, and works of art and ancient icons were sold abroad for a pittance. And Trotsky's uncle Zhivotovsky settled comfortably in Stockholm, where, together with Aschberg, he was engaged in the implementation of the loot. There were other channels as well. For example, Veniamin Sverdlov resold furs, oil, antiques through his old friend Sidney Reilly.

In general, the plan for Russia was fulfilled. The country lay in ruins. Lost significant territories, about 20 million people died from hunger, epidemics and terror. But the "Russian revolt, senseless and merciless" actually became meaningless only for the Russians. And for those who organized it, it turned out to be very meaningful and useful.

Valery Shambarov

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