How the Russian language was crippled in the twentieth century

2024 Author: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 15:55

During the XVIII-XIX centuries. there was an awareness of the native language, which was previously used without hesitation. The scientific study and spiritual mastery of the Russian language began with the remarkable works of M. Vomonosov (1711-1765), who gave the basic tone to science.

The discoveries of one became the support for the labors of the next. A. S. Shishkov (1754-1841) laid the foundations of semasiology, saw the system, described the principles of Cornelian language, compiled a "tree of Corneswords" for many roots, showed the organic connection of the languages of Europe, a single basis for all Slavic languages, traced the historical movement of languages and guessed about them origin from a single source; divided the living and the dead beginnings in the language, proved that the spirit is the basis of the foundations.

The more the body is preferred to the spirit in the language, the more the language deteriorates and the gift of speech falls.

A. S. Shishkov

V. I. Dal (1801-1872) collected and preserved for posterity a great wealth - the vocabulary of the living Great Russian language, confirmed the Cornish language and based on it compiled the Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian language - a unique scientific work that has no equal in the world.

Where did it come from (…) everything unnecessary and uncharacteristic of the Russian language, while everything essential has not been solved and missed, as if it had never happened? The fault of all this confusion (…) is the Western scientific view of our language. This bad direction can get a twofold denouement: or there will be people after us who will unravel the Russian grammar and build it again, rejecting the current one altogether; or our language will gradually lose its independence and, with an irrepressible influx of other people's expressions, turns and thoughts themselves, will obey the laws of Western languages.

F. I. Buslaev (1818-1897) also noted that textbooks and manuals are guided by the approach to the Russian language as a foreign language, not a native one, and the situation is only getting worse with every decade. Students do not study the internal laws of the language, but formal spelling rules, in which there is no system, because the rules are stated without explaining their reasons. For example, the etymology knows why certain letters are used. And the spelling of these reasons does not apply, but without them the rules are a dead dogma, incomprehensible and uninteresting. So, instead of clarifying questions, difficulties are piled up.

The heavy thought of the impossibility of pleasing some newly invented rule involuntarily came to anyone who just took up the pen.

Buslaev described the internal laws of the language and proved that spelling is not at all necessary if etymology is being studied: you do not need to memorize how this or that word is spelled if you know why it is spelled that way. Through the efforts of Buslaev and his many students and followers, etymology was studied in educational institutions of the country until 1917. And in universities - historical grammar and comparative linguistics. On this strongest stock of knowledge, we have held out through the connection of generations to this day, having survived all the upheavals in the field of the Russian language.

K. S. Aksakov (1817-1860), N. P. Gilyarov-Platonov (1824-1887) and other Russian scientists made their contributions to science. Scientists who defended the Russian language in the 20th century had to endure great difficulties. Low bow to those who did not stoop to the lie. Their works will be in demand very soon.

Since the beginning of the XX century. - a new stage in the development of science. The time was ripe for qualitative changes in the language, they had to be realized and expressed scientifically. It was necessary to remove the obsolete from the letter in order to facilitate the growth of the new. The need to revise science was in the air. The moment was dangerous, because it was at such a point in historical development that the onslaught of the dark company was always carried out with the aim of "taking control".

Moreover, Armageddon was approaching, preparing in all spheres and, first of all, in the mental: agility, deceit, cunning of crooks received a lot of nourishment from science. There was an initiation of all evil spirits, and she suddenly crawled out of all the cracks.

In 1904, the Russian-Japanese war began with a provocative attack by Japan. The war was fought both from the outside and from within - by the forces of the so-called "5th column", traitors, from endless provocations and sabotage from below to sabotage activities in the structures of state power.

At the same time, the so-called "pedagogical community" also showed vigorous activity: the Moscow and Kazan pedagogues. societies came up with a proposal to change the Russian spelling.

A spelling commission was hastily created at the Academy of Sciences (1904). It included Baudouin de Courtenay I. A., Shakhmatov A. A., Korsh F. E., Brandt R. F. and others. Fortunatov F. F.

He stated that the commission should strive to rid Russian writing of features that are not justified by the current state of the Russian language. The phrase "the synchronic assessment of the Russian writing was the basis of all the work of the spelling subcommittee and was fully reflected in its proposals" means that the commission made an attempt, hiding behind pseudo-scientific expressions, to destroy the etymology, which alone gives true knowledge of the language. (To abandon etymology means not understanding anything, cramming the rules.)

"The recommendations of the spelling commission were unidirectional: traditional spellings were canceled in favor of phonemic ones", i.e. hastily invented.

For example, L. V. Shcherba, a member of the commission, suggested writing all the prefixes for a consonant by pronunciation: fhod, oddat, signature, substitution.

Equally monstrous proposals were received from other members of the commission … Another wave swept in 1912, K ° tried to "push through" its "reform" of the Russian language.

A book by B. de Courtenay has been published, outlining his phonemic ideas. The book was addressed to teachers and, thus, should, according to the author's plan, spread the poison to all educational institutions. At the same time, he suggested removing the "b" at the end of words like: mouse, night, lay down, hide, sit, laugh, get a haircut.

Such proposals cannot be assessed otherwise than as a mockery of the Russian language. These "scientists" furiously and hastily, by all falsehoods pushed through their "theories", bringing under these mocking dirty tricks, the purpose of which is the chaotization of writing, supposedly a "scientific base".

The ultimate goal, both then and now, was the same: to force the people to abandon the Cyrillic alphabet, translate it into the Latin alphabet and exterminate the Russian language.

B. de K.'s "phonemic theory" is anti-evolutionary and anti-scientific, because it orients writing to sound-speech, i.e. a random, variable factor, while in reality the development of language proceeds with an orientation towards the "letter-thought".

So, under the guise of a new word in science, an attempt was made to lay a false, and therefore destructive, idea, like a time bomb. And since "Lies are non-existent" (Aristotle), then everything built on a false foundation is doomed to collapse.

In the same 1912, the historical "work" was published "The Patriotic War and Russian Society. 1812-1912."

In the jubilee edition (100 years since the beginning of the war against the armies of Napoleon) it was said openly: "The entire history of the campaign until 1812 requires revision." The joy of victory over the hordes of Napoleon was called "chauvinism" there, but about enemies, rapists, murderers, desecrators of shrines: "Their courage, their noble sufferings, their tragic fate in 1812 …" the severity of the war, but as a participant in a trade deal with the government: you - me, I - you.

That. The "revision" was carried out from the standpoint of the enemy and the traitors crouching before him, who multiplied unusually at the beginning of the 20th century, penetrated into the structures of power in such numbers that they were already openly imposing their ideology on the people, shaped like a science.

So, Jacobson P. O. demanded to remove the "b" altogether, to replace it with "b" everywhere: drove up, volume.

Chernyshev V. M.warned of the consequences: "b" is the result of the alternation of b // o (ob // o). If instead of "b" you put "b", then the whole morphology will be broken. We will give incorrect morphological representations."

But that's what they wanted! ("First of all, try to destroy the folk language, and then destroy the people themselves." Portalis.)

But, for all the stubbornness of the commission, it was not possible to push through the "reform" in 1912: the "reformers" met too strong resistance. The number did not go through. Then World War I began (1914). Bourgeois Revolution (February 1917); The Provisional Government headed by Kerensky, of course, immediately began to "reform" the Russian language.

The new rule "write" s before deaf consonants in all prefixes "was introduced by the decision of the Special Meeting at the Academy of Sciences of 1917-11-05. This rule violated the morphological law of the Russian language, as well as the rules established by Lomonosov in § 122, 123 of the" Russian grammar "1755 G.

As a result, the spelling became more complicated, a lot of words with a double "s" appeared, which contradicts the tradition of the Russian language. The entire people had to be retrained to please a handful of "special conferences". But most importantly, the meaning of many words has been distorted.

In Russian, there were 2 completely different words: the preposition Bez and the noun бѢсъ. It took a tricky multi-pass combination to achieve the intended result:

1) Ѣ was removed from the alphabet, replaced with e;

2) they introduced the impossible alternation of s // s (without // devil), which was not and cannot be in the Russian language - the regularity of alternations was violated;

3) changed the meaning of the letter b - they called it "a sign that does not have a sound", whereas in fact it is a semi-vowel, which is part of many prefixes and endings (they tried to remove it altogether, but did not succeed);

4) changed the spelling of the prefix without, violating the morphological law; severed the connection with the preposition without.

And here is the result: a person, wanting to write a word with a prefix without, according to the new rules, involuntarily writes blasphemous ambiguity in such, for example, words as fearless, noiseless, useless, meaningless, impassive, powerless, wordless. And the bez-like, finally …

The words, written in the new spelling, have a new - vile and mocking - meaning! Such vileness in 1912 caused a storm of indignation: the purpose of the substitutions was clear to everyone. (The believers knew: to name means to call to manifestation, and therefore the name of the evil spirits was never called directly, but, if necessary, they used identifiers).

But in 1917, in a country that was made bloodshot by the war, the number was a success. Then came the younger generations, not familiar with the old spelling. They had nothing to compare with, and they no longer noticed anything. The pile of measures for the introduction of demons into writing should be considered not as a separate wild accident, but in a system with other details of the "reform", then the goal will become clear: this is an attempt to destroy the hierarchical basis of the language. Indeed, at the same time, the vocative case of I. S. (the constant prayer of the Orthodox contains 8 words, 4 of which are I. S. in the vocative case), and the word God began to be written with a small letter, and the committee, chairman, presidium, party - with a capital, thus turning all the concepts with upside down.

As for the phonemic theory introduced into science, to this day it is the basis for all textbooks. The essence of this malignant theory is that the upper link in it supposedly must submit to the lower one: spelling - pronunciation.

The reform of 1917-18 (already under the Bolsheviks) confirmed the illegal innovations that the commission came up with: it canceled the traditional, correct spellings and introduced several incorrect spellings by decree as mandatory. Years passed, the reformers did not calm down in any way. The mockery of the Russian language developed ever wider.

It was covered with pompous phrases about "improving" and "simplifying" the Russian language and a multitude of pseudoscientific words. If you collect the proposals of "scientists" for all the years of their stormy activity, then the picture turns out to be terrible.

Polivanov E. D. (1917): remove from Russian.language the letters "I", "u", "e" and enter the spelling: yubiley (anniversary), n'an'a (nanny), yesli (if), liyu (liu), dien (day), etc.

Jacobson P. O. (1962): remove "y" and "b", write "b" instead: barn (barn), paradise (paradise), mo (mine), stroy (build), beat, eat.

Peshkovsky A. M. (1930): remove the "u", write "mid" instead: write, dot. Remove unpronounceable consonants: ladder, feeling. Write only "a" as unverifiable vowels: markov, saloma, daroga. Everywhere write consonants voiceless + voiceless, voiced + voiced: Kafkaz, aftomobsh, fluoride, egzamen, vogzal. Avanesov (1964) supported this "great" idea.

Durnovo N. N., (1930): remove from the alphabet "e, e", write "o" everywhere: to whisper, gallop, escaped, cut, about chom, facer.

Shcherba J1. B. (1931): remove "e" after "c, zh, w", write "e": tsena, whole, whisper, sherst. And in general, remove everything! And switch to the Latin alphabet.

Such attempts have been made repeatedly. For example, a certain N. Zasyadko ("On the Russian alphabet", M., 1871) proposed his own alphabet based, of course, Latin: "Needless to say, what benefit should occur in saving labor and capital? … Nothing insignificant letters … ugly … superfluous … Delete… replace. " About the alphabet of his own concoction: "It is simple, consists of 22 letters, … shorter than all known alphabets … Several examples of corrected Russian spelling: preceding - npedvapaja, drops - pouajet, in it - vuom, reed - kamich".

The newly-minted Zasyadkovites come up with similar initiatives from time to time. In the 20s. the writing of some peoples of the USSR was Latinized among the unwritten and instead of the Arabic. But in 1936 they were translated into the Russian alphabet. The peoples united …

For new private "rules", and for the so-called. phonemic theory is one idea - to destroy the hierarchical basis of the language, to write, not paying attention to the morphemic composition of words (and the meaning is formed from morphemes), at random, according to pronunciation (which is different for everyone). Consequently, the goal is to de-conceptualize the language. In other words, fierce fighting against God.

The slogan "who was nothing, he will become everything", acted in all spheres of life, and, of course, was reflected in the language: everywhere appeared the so-called interim (temporary acting), which took the place of the main and responsible. The minor members of the sentence began to be called the main ones, impersonal verbs appeared, when there is an action, but the agent supposedly does not exist, suffixes and prefixes began to be considered the root. In a word, the foundations and order were destroyed in the minds of people. The concept of SPIRIT was withdrawn from life and language. After the reform of 1917-18, of course, there were landslide processes in spelling, since the letters were removed from the alphabet.

The "rescuers" were members of a certain commission under the Glavnauka of the People's Commissariat for Education, who in 1930 published their project to save literacy. They suggested entering the spellings: chorny, revototsya, zhyr, shol, kind, lying, do, love, pronounced, cucumbers, write, masa, class, Ana, tones (ton), they will say, kovo, chevo.

The draft says that "the rationalization of Russian writing is not a technical, but an urgent political task," and that "the reform is equal to the illiterate and illiterate in the first place." In other words, the "rescuers" were going to lower the culture to the level of complete illiteracy. The reformers have not calmed down to this day …

Entrance … tsigan, cucumbers, shoki, daughter, read, skip, propose, recklessly … - These proposals were deeply thought out, logical. Many of them would lead to the abolition of spellings that contradict the phonemic principle, to a simplified spelling …

Kasatkin L. L., Krysin L. P., Lvov M. R., Terekhova T. G. Russian language (for students of pedagogical institutes). - Part I - M.: Education, 1989.

This is addressed to future teachers!

By the way about "cucumbers". In textbooks, the rules are smeared across several sections, then as a rule, one thing and it is quite simple: the combination of tsy is Russian, and qi is foreign: gypsy, chicken, tsyts, tits, fox, fellows, cucumbers, compasses, top hat, civilization, action, provocation, Yeltsin.

They are still releasing their "works" today.

"Mutilation of the tongue is a crime, for many roots in their sound have a deep meaning." (Brotherhood, II, 49)

It makes no sense to analyze their products, because in textbooks the basis is false, therefore, everything else no longer plays a role. The main thing is that you cannot learn from them, because they do not give knowledge about the structure of the Russian language, and what they do is impossible to apply in practice. But the people have the right to choose: diligently cramming all the nonsense that K ° of destroyers invented (unable to even make out the word in composition, let alone clearly state the theoretical foundations), squat before them in the hope of favors and benefits, or study the real laws of the Russian language based on true science.

S. L. Ryabtseva, Essays on the Living Russian Language, fragment

Why don't they like Russian at school?

How the Russian language was crippled in the twentieth century

OPG in philology. Part 1

OPG in philology. Part 2

OPG in philology. Part 3

S. L. Ryabtseva "Sketches of the Living Russian Language"

S. L. Ryabtseva "Dialogue at a Desk"

S. L. Ryabtseva "Children of the Eighties"

S. L. Ryabtseva "The Truth About the Russian Word"