Ancient system of measures

2024 Author: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 15:55

Every person's daily life requires measurements almost every minute. We put on clothes of a certain size, accepted in our country, set the alarm, for example, at 7 hours and 30 minutes, counting the time, in fact, in the duodecimal system, and this seems natural and customary to us.

Although relatively recently, attempts were made to divide the day into milli-days, and if such changes were accepted in society, then we would count minutes in hundreds, and not in hours …

Here is another example from everyday life: the way to a destination in Russia is measured in kilometers, but every Russian knows that in American cars the speedometer indicates the distance in miles.

Roman feet and English inches, nautical miles and fathoms, meters and centimeters - what secrets of the past can we uncover by exploring the nature of these values? How do historians explain this diversity?

As is often the case in the official version, the history of traditional systems of measures goes back to deep “Roman antiquity”. People who are familiar with the results of the New Chronology already know that the Roman Empire in the form in which it is presented to us by orthodox historians never existed. To us, for example, the origin of the mile is explained as follows: this value was equal to a thousand double steps of Roman soldiers in full dress on the march. That is, it was a path measure for measuring distance, introduced in ancient Rome.

There is nothing strange in the very principle of measuring with the help of body parts. From antiquity, the measure of length and weight was the person himself, and this is completely natural: we still perfectly understand that a sandwich with a layer of pate two fingers thick is much better than one on which the pate is smeared with the thickness of a fingernail.

But something else is strange. The official version does not explain at all how these approximate values became constant, precisely defined constants. What such an ideal person had to be measured in order to enter a large number of quantities around the globe that have an exact value, and not round in relation to the modern metric system.

According to the official chronology, in the 17th century, in the era of geographical discoveries, using astronomical data, they determined the length of the equator. Now it is believed that the value of the equator is 40,075 kilometers 696 meters. One minute of arc at the equator, i.e. at latitude 0 - equal to 1852, 3 meters. Otherwise, this value is called a nautical mile. This is generally accepted and known to everyone.

At the latitude of Byzantium (45 degrees - the middle between the equator and the North Pole), which corresponds to the latitude of Venice and known from the traditional history of the Bosporus kingdom, this unit of measure, a mile, is 1309m. At the latitude of Istanbul, it is 41 degrees, where Byzantium was allegedly transferred in the 17th century, the mile will already be approximately 1400 meters. At the latitude of Petersburg, 60 degrees, at the Pulkovo Observatory, one unit of such a measure is equal to 926 meters.

At the latitude of the Egyptian pyramids, 34 degrees, a mile is approximately 1609 meters. At the same latitude is the American city of Houston with a space flight control center and a geodetic control center. The famous Cape Canaveral is also relatively close.

This value is widespread and is called the American mile. It is also called British, statutory, usually when they just say "mile", they mean it.

And at a latitude of about 57 degrees, the mile is 996m. At this latitude, approximately in the middle of the royal road from St. Petersburg to Moscow, the city of Kolomno is located, and according to one of the versions, it is from here that the name "Kolomna verst" came from. After all, 996 meters are very close to a kilometer, and the word kilometer, according to this version, was formed from the name Kolomno. Now the middle of the way passes through the settlement of Bologoye, in the name of which one can also hear equality, balance is a blessing.

At the latitude of Moscow, approximately 55.3-55.5 degrees, the unit of measure is 1054 meters. In Russian culture, this value is called a double mile. One verst equals 526 meters.

Thus, in those days, the 17th century, the measures of length for each latitude were determined separately and were different everywhere. We are now hearing various versions of this system. For example, there is the Bavarian and Munich feet, the differences between which are very small.

The ratio of the Moscow standard inch 2, 54 to the equatorial inch 4, 46 refers to 4/7 This value - 4/7 or 7/4 was taken as a constant.

It was legalized in the 17th century and, in accordance with this measure, the size of the vershok was recalculated. And this option 4, 445cm, it was finally adopted.

Where did the centimeters come from then?

After all, as you know, the metric system is based on the meter, and the centimeter is its fractional unit, equal to one hundredth of a meter.

Let's turn to astronomy and astronomical instruments. It is logical to assume that all the calculations were originally made specifically for the astronomical sphere, which requires a large amount of measurement work.

So, as far as 1054, observatories were set up in Russia, and there was an "observatory canon", a "canon of Faith" or a "canon of Measure". The measure of length of one minute at 55.5 latitude is 20736 inches. This is equal to 1054 meters. And that was the magnitude of the circumference of the outer circle of the observatory. In total, the observatories had four nested circles. The next circle was 12 times shorter at 1728 inches, the third circle was called a year and its circumference was 144 inches. It was this value that served as the starting point for the value of 1 cm. The radius of such a circle is approximately 60 (59, 13) cm. And this circle was the limb for observational astronomical instruments. It was in this circle that telescopes, protractors and so on were located.

This size of inches, divided by the number of days in a year 144/365, 2424 gives 1 cm. Later this limb was altered to make it more convenient to calculate, the divisions were made not 365 but 360, what we now have is that we have the globe divided by 360 degrees. This was done for the convenience of counting. 360 is a multiple of a large number of numbers, so the length of the circle-limb has become a little less, and in this form it has come down to us. These measures formed the basis of the building canon. And above all in the canons of religious buildings. How is this manifested today?

The Orthodox cross, which we all know today, in its image represents the unit of measure for the latitude of Moscow - 1054. This figure has become an octagonal cross, which is now called Orthodox, otherwise imperial. It is the entry 1054 that forms the cross. This entry was made symbolically by the numbers of the small account, which in the 18th century was called Roman.

The height of religious buildings, churches, bell towers is always proportional to this canon. And the norm was considered to be a height equal to two versts, i.e. 1054, approximately 10 and a half meters. And this was the height from the ground to the cross, the cross was set higher. Each religious building had its own observatory. And near each church there was a platform for observing the sky, set up in the above way.

In the 17th century, in accordance with this canon, all structures considered to be cult were transformed. Most likely it was then that the measure of 10.54 meters was designated the basis of Orthodoxy.

Through the sight of the imperial, or octagonal cross, they were observing the sky.

For a number of reasons, these units of measure have become universal. At first it was inches, feet, versts, miles, and then centimeters and meters, and together they formed the inch system.

In the 18th century, the inch-meter system took shape completely, and when this system was created, they switched to counting in tens, a decimal system appeared.

The history of the formation of standards of measures and the history of their origin is described quite different … And the date "1054" is declared the year of the split of the Christian Church. Allegedly, this date is associated with the final division of Christianity into the Roman Catholic Church with the center in Rome in the west, and the Orthodox Church in the east with the center in Constantinople.

It is known that in Russia the fathom was the main measuring instrument. There were several dozen of them. The most common were - city (284, 8 cm), great oblique fathom (249, 6 cm), great (244, 0 cm), Greek (230, 4 cm), state (217, 6 cm), oblique fathom (216 cm), royal (197, 4 cm), church (186, 4 cm), sea fathom (183 cm), folk (176, 0 cm), masonry (159, 7 cm.), simple (150, 8 cm.), small (142, 4 cm.) and others.

As the main tool, according to academician B. A. Rybakov, for the calculation and measurement in the design and construction in Russia, they used a "measure", which is two tightly folded bars with risks applied on their three edges, i.e. a kind of slide rule.

Such a tool was found during excavations in Novgorod. The numbers probably stayed on the lost part of the bummer. That is why the method of using the yardstick remains not entirely clear … There are three different scales on one yardstick, and, according to Academician B. A. Rybakov, this means that we have before us a design architectural tool, similar to a slide rule. And each of its scales, apparently, is proportional to some fathom.

Moreover, the fathom was not a directive unchangeable instrument, any master could invent his own personal fathom. The architect in his practice, as a rule, used a set of three to five fathoms. Different fathoms were used to measure length, width and height. When measuring or building the same object, they could use different fathoms disproportionate to each other. But the main thing was that these fathoms had to adhere to a strict proportion, and in fact were commensurate with the proportions of the Earth (its distances from its center to the poles, to the equator, etc.): the proportions of the structure are an even number of times proportional to the volume of the Earth.

Having lost this knowledge, the builders violated the proportions and harmony in the buildings. Now in structures, all dimensions in plan have become parallel or perpendicular to each other. In such a room there is no negatively hidden - a standing wave of the flow of primary matters, pumping out energy from a person. Here, the effect of cavity structures is manifested, which was recorded by V. S. Grebennikov. In rooms with such a structure, the dimensionality in places of narrowing changes and the density of the flow of primary matters changes - just like a flow of light in lenses. The intensity of the flows affects the well-being of a person. This once again confirms the idea that our ancestors retained some of the unique Vedic knowledge that was used in everyday construction in the twentieth century.