Ice dumbbell

2024 Author: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 15:55

“We know that there is no absolute knowledge, that there are only theories, but we forget about it. The better educated we are, the more we believe in axioms. I asked Einstein in Berlin how he, an educated, experienced, teaching scientist, mathematician, physicist, astronomer, was able to make all his discoveries: "How did you do it?" - I exclaimed, and he, understanding and smiling, replied: “Challenging the axiom.” Lincoln Steffens, autobiography.

This entry is a kind of digest of information about the attempts of scientists, since the 18th century, to comprehend the catastrophic processes occurring on the globe, which, according to Friedrich Mohr's definition, are called crustal flips. The hypothesis considered by the individuals mentioned here may be termed the "Ice Dumbbell".

The first hypothesis of Russian scientists explaining the tremendous movements of the Earth's lithosphere, which I got acquainted with 15 years ago, is based on the Ice Dumbbell model: Greenland-Antarctica. The idea is not new. So Einstein wrote shortly before his death:

“In the polar region, there is a constant accumulation of ice, which is placed asymmetrically around the pole. The rotation of the earth acts on these masses, creating a centrifugal moment, which is transmitted to the rigid earth's crust. Gradually increasing, this moment reaches a threshold value, which causes the movement of the earth's crust relative to the core of the planet, which can move the polar regions to the equator."

And these are not his ideas - this is what he agreed with.

“Very often I get approached by people who want to consult about their unpublished ideas. It goes without saying that these ideas are very rarely of scientific value. However, the very first message I received from Mr. Hapgood electrified me. His idea is original, wonderful is simple and, if it is also proven, it will be of great importance for everything connected with the history of the earth's surface."

Charles Hutchins Hapgood (1904-1982), published the book "Earth's Shifting Crust: A Key to Some Basic Problems of Earth Science, New York, Pantheon Books, 1958" - "The Earth's Shifting Crust."

Questions covered in the book:

Possible cause of crustal displacement, Old theories, Wegener's theory, New polar shift proposals, Rejection of old theories, Worldwide cold weather phases, New data from Antarctica, Warm times in the North, Universal temperate climates. Eddington-Paulie Proposal, George W. Bain Institution, On the Rate of Climate Change, Crust Collapsing and Collapsing, Crustal Twisting Problem, Campbell's Theory of Mining, Flight Displacement Effects, Mining Forces, Existing Fracture Systems as Proof of Theory, Volcanism and Other Issues; Volcanic island arcs, Earth's heat, Sea level change, Undisturbed crust, Chronology of mining construction, Geophysicist views, Biological views, Geologists affiliated with biologists, Evidence from oceanography, Deeper crustal structure, Antarctic glacier growing, Proposal from Einstein, Triaxial shape Earths, State of matter below the crust, Displacement caused by the Ice Sheet, Cause of fluctuations in ice cover and causes of climatic optimum, Glaciation of Europe, Changes in sea level at the end of the Ice Age, Darwin's rising beach line in South America, Extinction of mammoths, Modern climate of Siberia, Sudden change climate, Mastodons of New York, Weakness of accepted glacial chronology, The beginning of the smoothness of Wisconsin, Arctic cores, Early phases of the Wisconsin glaciation, Greenland at the pole, Cores from the San Augustine Plain, Some North Atlantic cores, North Atlantic land, Alaska at the Pole, Problem of time, Climate and Evolution, Dissension division of species, Periods of revolutionary changes in life forms, Extinction of species, Gaps in the fossil record, Mechanism of movement, Proof logic, Calculation of the centrifugal effect, Wedge effect, Some difficulties, Calculations, Notes of the Conference with Einstein, Isostases and centrifugal effect,

He, in turn, was attracted by the work of Hugh Brown (1879-1975), who argued that huge ice masses accumulating in the polar regions lead to a change in the position of the earth's axis with a period of 4000-7500 years. That is, overturning occurs frequently if we consider these phenomena on a geological scale.

Talking about the mechanism of the coup, he noted the important role of the fact that the earth's axis has some wobble. At a certain moment, when the ice mass grows, this swaying (as I understand it, he means nutation - note. rodline) resonates with the frequency of eccentricity (here I did not understand - perhaps 1 revolution per day). Then it is clear - whoever succeeds is in the ark.

Karl Friedrich Mohr (1806 - 1879) - German analytical chemist and pharmacist. Graduated from the University of Heidelberg.

Known for his book "History of the Earth. Geology on New Foundations".

He writes that the geological theory of the uplift of the Earth, generally accepted at the end of the 18th century, provides explanations for the terrible upheavals that the globe experienced more than once: events that they call the revolutions of the Earth. Although it is difficult to say with certainty what these revolutions consisted, nevertheless, their existence is beyond doubt."

Also, coups are reported in the "Siberian Bulletin" for 1820.

Let's go back to our time.

In the journal "In the world of science", February, 1986, there is an article by Peter Schultz (born in 1956) "Migration of the Poles of Mars", the annotation to which says:

He further states:

In 1997, a researcher at the Russian Academy of Sciences Anatoly Votyakovpublished the book "Theoretical Geography". In it, he sets out the following..

Antarctica is located at the pole and is covered with ice, up to forty million cubic kilometers in volume. In the north, Greenland has a center of ice masses, located 1500 km from the North Pole. There is an order of magnitude less ice on it, but its significant distance from the pole displaces the Greenland-Antarctica "dumbbell" from the axis, which ensures the emergence of centrifugal force. As ice accumulates at the ends of the "ice dumbbell", the torque increases. This is tantamount to an increase in centrifugal force, which, at a critical moment, tears off the lithosphere and rotates it at an angle slightly less than 90 degrees. So Australia becomes the ice continent. Then everything repeats itself, as it has already been repeated many times. The entire lithosphere is shifting, as if the peel of a tangerine around the pulp moved. Greenland will be at the equator in ten months. Antarctica too.

Note that the author has geographic inconsistencies. If Antarctica approaches the equator, then Australia is unlikely to become an ice continent, because its center will be at the latitude of Khabarovsk.

Anatoly also takes into account the flattening of the Earth. The polar regions are lower relative to the nominal diameter of the Earth, and the equatorial regions are higher. And we are talking about kilometers. Therefore, after the move, everything that was at the equator will be under water, and the bottom of the Arctic Ocean will rise like uncle Chernomor.

Let me summarize the main thing that we get on the "Ice Dumbbell" model:

- great crossings were and will be;

- there is no need to talk about a strict periodicity within the framework of such a mechanism (therefore - live, do not grieve, because science cannot calculate on what additional ton of ice the breakaway will begin);

- there will be a Great Migration of Peoples due to the low speed of movement of the lithosphere;

- the middle latitudes will remain at about the same altitude, so by analyzing where there will be no big water, you can roughly determine the location of the stationary "Noah's Ark".

Friedrich Mohr has more lines about how the early coups supposedly took place. Watch them - it's interesting. But he does not name the reasons that caused them. He does not know these reasons.

Therefore, in this entry I only mention him. For not a dumbbell.