Did cold nuclear fusion kill the oil price?

2024 Author: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 15:55

Have you ever wondered why the oil price went down so sharply and amicably? No, just not about the fact that the United States is imbued with the problems of Ukraine and decided to crush the Russian Federation with a financial noose. This is a serious business, but after all, every dollar of a decrease in the price of oil means billions of lost profits by the States themselves and their companies. How did the bourgeoisie go for it? And the Arab sheikhs? They are deep on Rush … well, you get the idea. How were they so proud to be persuaded to lower the price?

Let me put forward a hypothesis that puts everything in its place. The fact, that on October 8 this year, a report was published in Europe dedicated to the test tests of the so-called Andrea Rossi generator. This lecture took place both in Russia and in Ukraine completely unnoticed. But in vain! Six physics professors from Italy and Sweden observed the operation of the Rossi E-CAT generator for 32 days in March-April. Then they scratched their turnips for half a year and finally, they admitted: this wick the size of a large pencil generated 1.5 megawatt / hour of heat in a month! At least a million times more than any chemical reaction in the same volume is capable of producing! The world has received a source of almost gratuitous, absolutely safe and clean, unlimited energy that can be produced even on a desk!

Few technical details. See for example here

The Rossi generator, its new modification, has a ceramic body - a tube with a diameter of 2 cm and a length of 20 cm, and at both ends ends with “knobs” with a diameter of 4 cm, for connecting the mains. Electricity is only needed to warm up the tube. The contents of the reactor are 0.5 grams of nickel powder, into which hydrogen is pumped under pressure, plus a secret catalyst additive. When the tube is warmed up, it begins to produce a tremendous amount of energy, many times more than was expended. Temperature measurements were taken continuously by two highly accurate thermal cameras and recorded on a computer. Other devices recorded electricity consumption. Scientists monitored the generator around the clock, while Rossi himself was not near the stand. The test was carried out in an independent laboratory in Switzerland, where the premises were rented so that there was no hint of a secret supply of energy and falsification of the results.

The ratio of the energy received to the expended is indicated by the letters KS. So, in this experiment, the average COP was equal to 3.74. That is, the Rossi generator produced 3.74 times more energy than it received during warming up. Although it could have been much more, the regulation deliberately reduced heat production in order to show controllability of the process. And in total, the tube produced heat equivalent to 1.5 megawatt / hour in 32 days of operation. This energy is much, orders of magnitude more than can be obtained from any known chemical source in such a small reactor volume. The fuel sample was carefully examined for isotopic composition before and after the test using several standard methods, including three independent external teams. Measurements showed a significant change in the isotopic composition of the powder. The process in E-SAT does indeed change the fuel at the nuclear level, i.e. nuclear reactions take place. However, no trace of radiation was found.

The professors conclude their report with a passage that betrays their utter discouragement: "It is certainly not satisfactory that these results still do not have a convincing theoretical explanation, but the experimental result cannot be rejected or ignored just for lack of theoretical understanding."

The first public demonstration of E-SAT took place back in January 2011 of the year. And she came across complete denial and ignorance in academic circles. Then he passed a number of other shows and tests, and never once was Rossi caught in a fraud. In the last test in March-April of this year, all possible comments made by skeptics were taken into account. Nevertheless, the council of professors confirmed: E-SAT works and produces an incredible amount of heat! Over the years, Rossi moved from Italy to the United States, created his own company there and received a certificate of certification for his generator in 2013. During 2012-13, he sold several megawatt modifications of his device to unknown buyers. And in January 2014, it was reported that the American company "Industrial Heat" acquired from Russia the rights to the cold fusion apparatus Energy Catalyzer, or E-Cat. To start production, only the final conclusion of an authoritative scientific commission was not enough. And here it is.

All interested circles were waiting for the test results - some with the hope for the success of science, some eagerly from the coming dividends, and some with horror. No joke: if Rossi puts his generator on the conveyor, humanity will receive a source of extremely cheap, environmentally friendly, practically inexhaustible energy … This trick can power an apartment and a factory, a car and an airplane, a space rocket and a sea liner. It should also be borne in mind that work on the creation of similar devices is going on in hundreds of laboratories around the world, including in Ukraine, and several groups have already announced the creation of their working prototypes. In the coming years, the Rossi generator may “retire” nuclear and hydroelectric power plants, gas, coal and other thermal power plants, not to mention solar panels and wind turbines. The need for gas pipelines and oil tankers will largely diminish. Colossal financial flows will change, countries and entire regions - suppliers of hydrocarbons - will be ruined. And God forbid that this passes without global social upheavals …

I can assume that it was precisely in anticipation of the explosive spread of the Rossi generator across the planet The United States is so actively getting rid of its oil and gas riches, including shale, melting them to Europe … After all, the price of hydrocarbons will inevitably fall. I can also assume that it was the success of E-SAT that served as a lever of pressure on the Emirates and other Qatar. After all - keep track of the time - the physicists' report was published on October 8, and almost immediately oil prices rushed down.

Greatest Scientific Detective

Now let us recall the history of the heat generator by Andrea Rossi. In January 2011, Rossi demonstrated a cat-sized device that, when supplied with 400W of electricity, generated 12 kW of heat. That is, the conversion factor of the COP was 30. The inner chamber of the device, according to the inventor, contained nickel powder and hydrogen pumped under pressure, as well as a secret catalyst. In this chamber, after heating, some kind of process began with the release of a huge amount of heat. Rossi defined it as low-energy nuclear reactions (LENR), especially since copper and iron lines appeared in the spectroscopic study of nickel powder after working in the reactor.

There is as much nickel and hydrogen on Earth. Thus, Rossi offered the world a source of unlimited, practically free, clean energy. Unless, of course, Rossi himself is a fraud and the work of his apparatus is not a banal sleight of hand, as his opponents claimed. It should be noted that suspicions of falsification were supported by a number of considerations: first, Rossi is by no means a scientist, but an engineer who graduated from a supernumerary university; secondly, he was followed by a train of prosecutions for unsuccessful projects, and thirdly, he himself could not explain from a scientific point of view what was happening in his reactor. With such "introductory" notes, not a single serious publication - neither scientific nor socio-political - reported about the discovery of Russia. Academics and professors around the world ignored him, because according to all the canons of physics, this could not be: a nuclear boiler on the table? Energy output with a factor of 30? - the purest nonsense! And only a handful of heretics from science, engaged in the so-called. "Cold nuclear fusion", HNF, came out in support of Russia.

Further, the plot of our series was twisted very dashingly. Rossi behaved unpredictably, but not in the way one would expect from a rogue and a charlatan. He did not ask anyone for money; on the contrary, he sold his house to continue his research. He did not crave popularity in the press - he refused to be interviewed, and he invited mainly business people to the shows of his apparatus, not journalists. He did not strive for a dialogue with scientists - luminaries of nuclear physics. "The best proof of my innocence will be a commercial device on the market!" - he declared. And he worked. Attitudes towards the inventor began to gradually change when, after a dozen conferences with displays of the Rossi apparatus, no one was able to convict him of fraud - for example, in the fact that he secretly supplies electricity to his device.

This is the plot and characters of this incomparable, unparalleled in history, truly scientific detective story. On the one hand, there are powerful oil and gas corporations, for whom Rossi's invention is like a knife in the throat. Academicians and professors who have "mastered" hundreds of billions of dollars in thermonuclear experiments. Huge countries, entire regions, rich in hydrocarbons.

On the other hand, there is a lone inventor and a small number of his supporters who just want to give the world a new, almost free, clean source of energy. Over the past three and a half years, many episodes have been played and shown in this detective story. And life relentlessly throws up new plot twists.

NASA took Rossi under its wing

First of all, our main character, Andrea Rossi, turned out to be not so lonely and defenseless. He found a strong, albeit very peculiar rear in the form of the American National Air and Space Administration (NASA). Leading NASA scientists, in particular Dennis Bushnell, NASA's chief scientist, supported Rossi. Their help turned in such a way that Rossi had to leave Italy, to break off the contract with the Greek company Defkalion, which had already begun the construction of a plant for the production of E-SAT, and voluntarily and forcibly move to the United States, where he created a new company - Leonardo Corporation.

Moreover, it turned out that in the previous 20 years, when experiments on low-energy nuclear fusion around the world were anathema to official science, including the eminent Massachusetts Institute of Technology, a group of Joseph Zavodna worked quietly on LENR problems at NASA. She, in spite of all the anathemas, confirmed that under certain conditions a huge amount of "unplanned" heat is generated. By the time Rossi staged the scandalous premiere of his E-SAT in Italy, NASA already had sketches of a space shuttle project based on a propulsion system operating on a similar principle. So NASA, one might say, took Rossi under its space wing. Rossi could not refuse. It is clear that in the US it will be much safer for him - away from very possible meetings with Arab "oilmen" and "gasmen" with martyrs' belts.

But NASA appears to be only the visible part of the wall that the US is building around Rossi and his inventions. Other protective measures can only be guessed at. Here's an example: the aforementioned Greek company Defkalion from the city of Xanthi, with which Rossi inadvertently shared his secrets, also set out to enter the world market, but without Rossi, spitting on his copyrights. After all, a piece of the energy pie is simply incredible! Defkalion has developed a whole line of devices of different capacities - for heating greenhouses, houses and factories. However, for a strange reason, the company first declared itself bankrupt, then again filed signs of life - but this time in Vancouver, Canada. It can be argued that the United States intends to gain complete control over a new source of energy - whoever owns it will get far ahead in the technology race and get rid of oil and gas dependence. Financial flows on the planet will change dramatically, and the owner of almost free, clean, unlimited energy can literally become the ruler of the world.

The harmful nature of the "e-cat"

However, back to our series. Events in it developed dramatically and excitingly. Rossi's opponents and opponents became his friends, his friends in the LENR study turned out to be his worst enemies. And Rossi, alas, not everything went well … Even the fans of our hero began to grumble: where is the promised industrial design of E-SAT?

After on October 28, 2011, he showed a complex of 107 E-SAT devices in operation, which in a few hours produced about half a megawatt of energy "out of nowhere", it seemed that the main problems with the invention were behind. There remained a technical "little thing": passing safety tests and certification, as it should be when implementing any devices. Rossi broadcast about the certification and how his apparatus successfully passes it throughout the spring of 2012. Then the tone of his statements changed. He began to talk about a new stage in the development of "e-cats", that they reached a temperature of 1200 ° C, which is a big, no, a huge step forward for converting heat directly into electrical energy, bypassing the stage of hot water vapor. He called his new device NOT SAT and has already narrated only about it. It remained unclear whether the previous model, the "colder" E-SAT, was certified?

Apparently, the "e-cat" showed a harmful character. Yes, heat was generated, but the process was unstable. Upon reaching a certain temperature, the nickel powder was sintered, and the reaction was extinguished. The sintering temperature depended on the pressure, on the saturation of nickel with hydrogen, and on the size of the nickel grains. It is now clear why all the demonstrations conducted by Rossi in 2011 were limited to a few hours - he feared that the reaction would suddenly die out, and he would not be able to explain the reason to the participants of the show. It was necessary to learn how to regulate the temperature inside the reactor in order to prevent sintering of the powder. That is, do not chase after maximum energy gain, but maintain the COP at a certain optimal level.

E-cats like it hot

Over the years, Rossi's generator has been tested several times, including by independent experts. However, the scientific academic community each time subjected the reports on the tests to vociferous criticism: both, they say, were not taken into account, and this loophole was left for possible falsification. And in March of this year, six physics professors from Italy and Sweden gathered again with the intention of conducting such a test so that the fly would not burrow! 32 days, more precisely, two series of 16 days in different modes, they drove E-SAT. In a country and laboratory independent of Russia, with its own certified equipment, with round-the-clock supervision. Then for half a year, one might say, they scratched turnips. Until they finally issued a report published on October 8, 2014. Where they were forced to confirm: this wick, the size of a large pencil, gives out energy, like a powerful thermal power plant or nuclear power plant. Megawatts! This means that E-SAT can be supplied to every home and business, to be inserted into cars and airplanes, etc. With all the wonderful and dire implications for global energy as outlined above.

The absence of Rossi himself at the test site indicates that he was able to take control of powder sintering, and that E-SAT is almost ready for serial production. However, information appeared that the inventor was nevertheless forced to sell his brainchild on conditions that he could not refuse. Rossi was wiped away from the huge market, leaving him the honorary role of inventor. Now it is not he who is engaged in the strategy of introducing the generator into mass production, but most likely those who control the financial flows from the sale of hydrocarbons. And when finally humanity will get Rossi's generator for free use is still unclear.

However, it is safe to say that it will no longer be possible to keep this invention under lock and key. In dozens of laboratories around the world, scientists are trying to guess the secret of Rossi, to find the secret of his catalyst, to create a theory of the process itself. It can be predicted that in one devilishly calculated moment, millions of E-SAT generators will be thrown onto the market, and this will completely collapse the economies of some countries that live off the extraction of hydrocarbons. Can I tell you which ones?