We deal with vaccinations. Part 27. Mercury

2024 Author: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 15:55

1. According to WHO, mercury is considered one of the ten most dangerous chemicals. Mercury, according to WHO, is especially dangerous for the intrauterine development of the fetus and for the baby in the early stages of life. Mercury is dangerous in its elemental form (metal), and inorganic (mercury chloride), and organic (methylmercury).

There is, however, one organic mercury compound that is so safe that even babies and pregnant women can safely inject it. This connection is called ethylmercury.

2. Thiomersal (Ortho-ethylmercury-sodium thiosalicylate) is a preservative added to multi-dose vaccine vials to prevent microbial contamination after the vial is opened. Multi-dose vials of vaccines are 2.5 times cheaper than single-dose vials. That is, a multi-dose vaccine costs 10 cents per dose, and a single dose costs 25 cents. In addition, single-dose vaccines take up more space in the refrigerator. These are the main reasons for using thiomersal.

The concentration of thiomersal in vaccines is 0.01%, or 25-50 μg per dose. 50% of the weight of thiomersal is mercury, that is, the dose of the vaccine contains from 12.5 to 25 μg of mercury.

3. Mercury, vaccines, and autism: one controversy, three histories. (Baker, 2008, Am J Public Health)

Thiomersal was patented in 1928 under the trade name " merthiolate"Thiomersal was found to be 40 times more effective as an antibacterial agent than phenol. In toxicity studies, it was found that mice, rats and rabbits injected with thiomersal intravenously did not react to it in any way. True, they were monitored for only a week.

In 1929, there was an epidemic of meningococcus in Indianapolis, and it became possible to try the drug in humans. 22 patients with meningitis received a large dose of thiomersal intravenously, and this did not lead to anaphylactic shock in any of them. The researchers concluded that thiomersal is safe. Subsequently, it turned out that all of these 22 patients died.

This was the only clinical study, and since then, no further studies have been conducted on the safety of thiomersal. Here, the FDA director admits these facts at a Congressional hearing.

4. Thimerosal: clinical, epidemiologic and biochemical studies. (Geier, 2015, Clin Chim Acta)

Back in 1943, it was known that thiomersal is not ideal as a preservative, and microorganisms survive at the concentration used in vaccines (1:10, 000).

In 1982, there were outbreaks of streptococcal abscesses that were a consequence of the DTP vaccination. It turned out that streptococci survive in the thiomersal vaccine for two weeks. In another study, it turned out that thiomersal did not meet the European requirements for antimicrobial efficacy.

In 1999, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommended eliminating thiomersal from vaccines as soon as possible, as it turned out that its amount in vaccines exceeded the standards. In the early 2000s, more and more vaccines without thiomersal began to appear, and one would expect children to receive less of it. This, however, is not exactly what happened. Since 2002, the CDC began recommending influenza vaccination for infants, and the only vaccine licensed for them contained thiomersal. The CDC also began recommending flu shots for pregnant women, which also contained thiomersal. Since 2010, babies have received two doses of influenza vaccine, followed by one dose each year.

Therefore, although thiomersal has been removed or almost removed from other vaccines, the amount of mercury supplied from vaccines has remained roughly the same for children since 2000, and has doubled over the course of a lifetime. Thiomersal was also left in one meningococcal vaccine and one tetanus-diphtheria vaccine.

In almost the rest of the world, thiomersal has remained in childhood vaccines as well. In 2012, the AARP and WHO persuaded the UN not to ban the use of mercury in vaccines.

5. Iatrogenic exposure to mercury after hepatitis B vaccination in preterm infants. (Stajich, 2000, J Pediatr)

The concentration of mercury in the blood of premature infants increased 13.6 times after vaccination against hepatitis B (from 0.54 to 7.36 μg / L).

In full-term infants, the concentration of mercury increased 56 times (from 0.04 to 2.24 μg / L).

Initial mercury levels in preterm infants were 10 times higher than in term infants (no statistical significance), hinting at higher maternal mercury levels in preterm infants.

Although HHS (Health & Human Services) guidelines consider normal blood levels of mercury to be 5-20 μg / L, there is discrepancy in the published literature as to which levels are considered toxic and which are normal. Moreover, these data were obtained from adults who were exposed to mercury at work.

6. Hair mercury in peast-fed infants exposed to thimerosal-preserved vaccines. (Marques, 2007, Eur J Pediatr)

Hair mercury levels in babies (receiving thiomersal vaccines) increased 446% in the first six months. During this time, the level of mercury in the mothers hair dropped by 57%.

7. Comparison of blood and pain mercury levels in infant monkeys exposed to methylmercury or vaccines containing thimerosal. (Burbacher, 2005, Environ Health Perspect)

Newborn monkeys were vaccinated with thiomersal, in doses corresponding to human ones. Another group of monkeys received the same dose of methylmercury with an oral tube.

The half-life of mercury from the blood was significantly shorter for thiomersal (7 days) than for methylmercury (19 days), and the concentration of mercury in the brain was 3 times lower in those who received thiomersal compared to those who received methylmercury. However, those who received thiomersal had 34% of the mercury in the brain in inorganic form, while those who received methylmercury had only 7%. The absolute level of inorganic mercury in the brain was 2 times higher in those who received thiomersal than in those who received methylmercury … The level of inorganic mercury in the kidneys was also significantly higher in those who received thiomersal.

Also, the level of inorganic mercury in the brain did not change for 28 days after the last dose, in contrast to the level of organic mercury, which had a half-life of 37 days. Other experiments also found that the level of inorganic mercury in the brain did not decrease.

Recent publications have suggested a link between thiomersal in vaccines and autism. In 2001, the Insitite of Medicine (IOM) concluded that there was insufficient evidence for a link between mercury in vaccines and developmental disabilities in children. It was noted, however, that such a link was possible and further research was recommended. But in a subsequent review published in 2004, the IOM dropped its recommendations and also backed away from the goal of the AAP (to remove thiomersal from vaccines). This approach is difficult to understand given our limited knowledge of the toxicokinetics and neurotoxicity of thiomersal, a compound that has been and will be administered to millions of newborns and infants.

8. Inorganic mercury remains in the brain for years and decades.

9. Neurotoxic effects of thimerosal at vaccine dosages on the encephalon and development in 7 days-old hamsters. (Laurente, 2007, Ann Fac Med Lima)

The hamsters were injected with thiomersal in doses corresponding to human doses. They had lower brain and body weights, lower density of neurons in the brain, neuronal death, demyelination, and damage to Purkinje cells that are characteristic of autism.

10. Male voles, who were added mercury or cadmium to water, developed symptoms of autism.

11. Alkyl Mercury-Induced Toxicity: Multiple Mechanisms of Action. (Risher, 2017, Rev Environ Contam Toxicol)

A CDC review article that analyzes research on ethylmercury and methylmercury and concludes that both forms are equally toxic. Among other things, both lead to abnormalities in DNA and impair its synthesis, lead to changes in intracellular calcium homeostasis, disrupt the mechanism of cell division, lead to oxidative stress, disrupt glutamate homeostasis and reduce the activity of glutathione, which, in turn, further weakens the defense against oxidative stress.

12. Mercury disposition in suckling rats: comparative assessment following parenteral exposure to thiomersal and mercuric chloride. (Blanuša, 2012, J Biomed Biotechnol)

Newborn rats were divided into two groups. The first received injections of thiomersal, and the second injections of inorganic mercury (HgCl₂). After that, they were followed for 6 days. In rats that received thiomersal, the concentration of mercury in the brain and in the blood was significantly higher than in those that received inorganic mercury. Those who received thiomersal excreted significantly less mercury in the urine. The concentration of mercury in the brain practically did not change during this time.

13. Comparison of organic and inorganic mercury distribution in suckling rat. (Orct, 2006, J Appl Toxicol)

In newborn rats that received thiomersal injections, the concentration of mercury in the brain was 1.5 times higher and in the blood 23 times higher than in rats that received inorganic mercury injections.

In rats that received inorganic mercury, its level was significantly higher in the liver in the kidneys, indicating an excretion through feces and urine. More: [1] [2]

14. The comparative toxicology of ethyl- and methylmercury. (Magos, 1985, Arch Toxicol)

Rats given oral ethylmercury had higher blood levels of mercury and lower levels in the brain and kidneys than rats given methylmercury.

However, the concentration of inorganic mercury was higher in all tissues of rats receiving ethylmercury. They also had more weight loss and kidney damage.

In another study, ethylmercury was found to be 50 times more toxic to cells than methylmercury.

Ethylmercury crosses the placenta more easily than methylmercury.

15. Lasting neuropathological changes in rat pain after intermittent neonatal administration of thimerosal. (Olczak, 2010, Folia Neuropathol)

Newborn rats were injected with thiomersal in doses corresponding to the vaccination of infants. They had ischemic degeneration of neurons in the prefrontal and temporal cortex, decreased synaptic responses, atrophy in the hippocampus and cerebellum, and pathological changes in blood vessels in the temporal cortex.

- Newborn mice injected with a 20-fold dose of thiomersal of the Chinese vaccination calendar showed developmental delays, deficits in social skills, a tendency to depression, synaptic dysfunction, endocrine disruption and autistic behavior.

- In newborn rats, which were injected with thiomersal, degeneration of brain neurons was observed.

- Newborn rats injected with thiomersal developed characteristic symptoms of autism such as impaired locomotion, anxiety and antisocial behavior.

- Pregnant and lactating rats were injected with thiomersal. The pups showed a delayed startle reflex, impaired motor skills, and increased levels of oxidative stress in the cerebellum. More: [1] [2]

16. Effect of thimerosal on the neurodevelopment of premature rats. (Chen, 2013, World J Pediatr)

Prematurely born rats were injected with thiomersal after birth in different doses. They had impaired memory, decreased learning ability, and increased apoptosis (cell suicide) in the prefrontal cortex.

The authors conclude that vaccination with thiomersal in premature babies may be associated with neurological disorders such as autism.

17. Administration of thimerosal to infant rats increases overflow of glutamate and aspartate in the prefrontal cortex: protective role of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. (Duszczyk-Budhathoki, 2012, Neurochem Res)

In mice injected with thiomersal, high levels of glutamate and aspartate were found in the prefrontal cortex of the brain, which is associated with the death of nerve cells.

The authors conclude that thiomersal in vaccines can lead to brain damage and neurological disorders, and that the insistence of vaccine manufacturers and healthcare providers to continue to use this proven neurotoxin in vaccines is evidence of their disregard for the health of future generations and the environment.

18. Integrating experimental (in vitro and in vivo) neurotoxicity studies of low-dose thimerosal relevant to vaccines. (Dórea, 2011, Neurochem Res)

The authors analyzed studies on the effects of low doses of thiomersal and concluded:

1) in all studies, thiomersal was found to be toxic to brain cells;

2) the combined neurotoxic effect of ethylmercury and aluminum has not been studied;

3) animal studies have shown that exposure to thiomersal can lead to the accumulation of inorganic mercury in the brain;

4) Relevant doses of thiomersal can potentially affect the development of the nervous system in humans.

19. Mercury and autism: accelerating evidence? (Mutter, 2005, Neuro Endocrinol Lett)

- Despite the fact that thiomersal has been used for 70 years, and amalgam fillings for 170 years, there have been no controlled and randomized studies of their safety.

- Vaccinated autists released 6 times more mercury during chelation compared to the control group.

- The safety of ethylmercury is usually justified only by the fact that the level of mercury in the blood falls much faster than methylmercury. From this, however, it does not follow that this mercury is rapidly excreted from the body. It is simply absorbed by other organs much faster. In a study in rabbits injected with thiomersal with radioactive mercury, blood mercury levels dropped 75% within 6 hours of injection, but increased significantly in the brain, liver and kidneys.

- Thiomersal in nanomolar concentrations inhibits phagocytosis. Phagocytosis is the first step in the innate immune system. It is logical that an injection of thiomersal will suppress the immune system of newborns, since they do not yet have acquired immunity.

- In predisposed mice, thiomersal elicited autoimmune responses, unlike methylmercury.

- Epidemiological studies do not take into account the factors of genetic susceptibility to mercury, therefore they are not able to reveal a statistically significant effect, even if it is present.

20. Kawasaki's disease, acrodynia, and mercury. (Mutter, 2008, Curr Med Chem)

Kawasaki Syndrome was first described in 1967 in Japan. Its cause is still unknown. In 1985-90, when the amount of thiomersal obtained from vaccines increased significantly, the incidence of Kawasaki syndrome increased 10 times, and by 1997 - 20 times. Since 1990, the CDC has reported 88 cases of Kawasaki syndrome within days of vaccination, of which 19% of cases started on the same day. Countries that use less thiomersal have significantly lower incidences than the United States.

Another disease with an unknown cause was acrodynia … Its epidemic peaked in the years 1880-1950, when the disease affected one in 500 children in developed countries. In 1953, it was determined that the cause of acrodynia was mercury, which was added to tooth powders, infant powders, and which was soaked in baby diapers. In 1954, mercury-containing products were banned, after which acrodynia disappeared. It was also reported that in some cases acrodynia appeared after vaccination.

The diagnostic criteria and clinical presentation are similar in Kawasaki syndrome and in acrodynia. Symptoms and laboratory tests that occur in Kawasaki syndrome have also been described in mercury poisoning. Kawasaki affects 2 times more often boys than girls. This is due to studies showing that testosterone increases the toxicity of mercurywhereas estrogen protects against its toxicity.

According to the EPA, 8-10% of American women have high enough mercury levels to cause neurological damage in most of their children.

Another similar disease was Minamata disease, which appeared in 1956 in Japan due to the release of mercury into the waters of Minamata Bay. It has long been thought that acrodynia and Minamata disease were caused by infection. The cause of Kawasaki syndrome is unknown, but it is also thought to be probably caused by an infection, despite the fact that it is not contagious.

Calomel (Hg₂Cl₂) - the type of mercury that was responsible for acrodynia is 100 times less toxic to neurons than ethylmercury.

21. Ancestry of Pink Disease (Infantile Acrodynia) Identified as a Risk Factor for Autism Spectrum Disorders. (Shandley, 2011, J Toxicol Environ Health A)

Although the use of mercury was widespread in the first half of the 20th century, only a few children developed acrodynia. Likewise, today only a few children develop autism. The authors decided to test the hypothesis that autism, like acrodynia, is a consequence of hypersensitivity to mercury. They tested the number of autism among the grandchildren of people who survived acrodynia, and it turned out that the incidence of autism among them was 7 times higher than the national average (1:25 vs. 1: 160).

22. An 11-month-old boy with psychomotor regression and auto-aggressive behavior. (Chrysochoou, 2003, Eur J Pediatr)

An 11-month-old boy in Switzerland developed symptoms resembling autism. He did not laugh, did not play, was restless, hardly slept, lost weight and could no longer crawl or stand. He underwent numerous tests, but they could not make a diagnosis. After 3 months, he was hospitalized, and after repeated numerous checks, only when the parents were asked a question, it turned out that a mercury thermometer had broken in the house 4 weeks before the onset of symptoms. It turned out that the boy had mercury poisoning (acrodynia).

23. Synergism in aluminum and mercury neurotoxicity. (Alexandrov, 2018, Integr Food Nutr Metab)

Aluminum and mercury are toxic to glial cells of the central nervous system, and cause an inflammatory response. In this study, it was found that they have a synergistic effect, and several times reinforce each other's reactions … It also turned out that aluminum sulfate is 2-4 times more toxic than mercury sulfate.

For example, at a concentration of 20 nM, aluminum and mercury increase the inflammatory response by 4 and 2 times, respectively, and together, at the same concentration, by 9 times.

At a concentration of 200 nM, aluminum and mercury enhance the reaction by 21 and 5.6 times, respectively, and together - by 54 times.

24. Thimerosal exposure and increased risk for diagnosed tic disorder in the United States: a case-control study. (Geier, 2015, Interdiscip Toxicol)

Vaccination with thiomersal is associated with an increased risk of nervous tics.

Although nerve tics were once considered very rare, today they are considered the most common movement disorder.

In 2000, the first case of nervous tics due to mercury poisoning was described. Subsequently, epidemiological studies were conducted that found an association between thiomersal in vaccines and an increased risk of nervous tics.

25. A dose-response relationship between organic mercury exposure from thimerosal-containing vaccines and neurodevelopmental disorders. (Geier, 2014, Int J Environ Res Public Health)

Each microgram of mercury in vaccines was associated with a 5.4% increased risk of pervasive developmental disorder, 3.5% increased risk of specific developmental delay, 3.4% increased risk of nerve tics, and 5% increased risk of hyperkinetic disorder.

26. Thimerosal-containing hepatitis B vaccination and the risk for diagnosed specific delays in development in the United States: a case-control study in the vaccine safety datalink. (Geier, 2014, N Am J Med Sci)

The hepatitis B vaccine with thiomersal is associated with a 2-fold increased risk of developmental delays. Those who received 3 doses of this vaccine had a 3 times higher risk of developmental delays compared with those who received vaccines without thiomersal.

The same vaccine has been associated with a tenfold increase in the need for special education in boys.

27. Thimerosal exposure & increasing trends of premature puberty in the vaccine safety datalink. (Geier, 2010, Indian J Med Res)

Children who received 100 mcg of mercury from vaccines in the first 7 months of life had a 5.58-fold increased risk of precocious puberty.

Premature puberty was diagnosed in one in 250 children in this study - 40 times higher than previous estimates.

It reports that hepatitis B vaccine with thiomersal is associated with a 3.8-fold increased risk of childhood obesity.

47. Predictors of mercury, lead, cadmium and antimony status in Norwegian never-pregnant women of fertile age. (Fløtre, 2017, PLoS One)

Norwegian women who ate fish one or more times a week had 70 times higher blood mercury levels than women who did not or rarely ate fish.

Blood lead levels correlated with the amount of alcohol consumed, and cadmium levels were higher in smokers. Mercury and antimony levels were lower in vegetarians.

48. The level of mercury in the umbilical cord is 70% higher than in the mother's blood. In 15.7% of mothers, the level of mercury in the blood is higher than 3.5 μg / L - a level that is associated with an increased risk of defects in the development of the fetal nervous system.

49. A chemistry professor poured organic mercury (dimethylmercury) from a test tube, and two drops of mercury fell on her hand. Although she was wearing latex gloves, it turned out that the dimethylmercury passes through the gloves and is absorbed into the skin within seconds.

Over the following months, she began to lose weight, bump into walls, her speech became slurred and her gait was uneven. Her blood mercury level was 4000 times higher than the upper norm. She was hospitalized and subsequently fell into a coma and then died. Autopsy revealed that the level of mercury in the brain was 6 times higher than the level in the blood.

50. Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and multiple sclerosis disease develop faster when exposed to toxic metals. Autism is accompanied by impaired metal homeostasis.

51. Trace amounts

A 29-year-old man received a tetanus shot and developed symptoms of autism and ADHD. He was cured by Cutler's protocol. He made a very interesting film about mercury, thiomersal and autism.

52. Altered pairing behavior and reproductive success in white ibises exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of methylmercury. (Frederick, 2011, Proc Biol Sci)

The ibises were divided into 3 groups, and starting from the age of three months, low doses of methylmercury (0.05, 0.1 and 0.3 ppm) were added to their diet, and they were monitored for 3 years. The males of these ibises were significantly more likely to form homosexual couples (up to 55%) than the control group, which did not receive methylmercury.

Heterosexual couples laid 35% fewer eggs (not statistically significant).

The authors conclude that even very low doses of methylmercury, at concentrations found in the wild, can reduce chick numbers by 50%, and these estimates may be conservative. Moreover, if under the experimental conditions the birds had 4 breeding attempts every season, then there are only 1-2 of them in the wild, which can increase the influence of homosexual attempts on the number of chicks.