Scientists about the mythical Tatar-Mongol yoke

2024 Author: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 15:55

The term "Tatar-Mongols" is not in the Russian chronicles, neither is V. N. Tatishchev, nor N. M. Karamzin … The term "Tatar-Mongols" itself is neither a self-name nor an ethnonym of the peoples of Mongolia (Khalkha, Oirats). This is an artificial, armchair term, first introduced by P. Naumov in 1823 …

K. G. Skryabin, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences:

“We did not find any noticeable Tatar contributions in the Russian genome, which refutes the theory of the Mongol-Tatar yoke. There are no differences between the genomes of Russians and Ukrainians. Our differences with the Poles are scanty."

Yu. D. Petukhov, historian, writer:

“It should be noted right away that under the pseudo-ethnonym“Mongols”we in no way should understand real Mongoloids who lived on the lands of present-day Mongolia. The self-name, the true ethnonym of the aborigines of present-day Mongolia is Khalkhu. They never called themselves Mongols. And they never reached either the Caucasus, or the Northern Black Sea region, or Russia. Halhu - anthropological Mongoloids, the poorest nomadic "community", which consisted of many scattered clans. Primitive shepherds, who were at an extremely low primitive communal level of development, under no circumstances could create even the simplest pre-state community, not to mention a kingdom, and even more so an empire … Amazon. Their consolidation and the creation by them of even the most primitive military unit of twenty or thirty warriors is sheer absurdity. The myth of the "Mongols in Russia" is the most grandiose and monstrous provocation of the Vatican and the West as a whole against Russia! Anthropological studies of burial grounds of the 13th – 15th centuries show the absolute absence of the Mongoloid element in Russia. This is a fact that cannot be disputed. There was no Mongoloid invasion of Russia. It just wasn't. Neither in the Kiev lands, nor in the Vladimir-Suzdal, nor in the Ryazan lands of that era were the skulls of the Mongoloids found. There were no signs of Mongoloidism among the local population. All serious archaeologists dealing with this problem are aware of this. If there were those innumerable "tumens" about which stories tell us and which are shown in films, then the "anthropological Mongoloid material" in the Russian land would certainly remain. And Mongoloid signs in the local population would also remain, because Mongoloidism is dominant, overwhelming: it would be enough for hundreds of Mongols to overpower hundreds (not even thousands) of women for Russian burial grounds to be filled with Mongoloids for tens of generations. But in the Russian burial grounds of the "horde" times there are Caucasians …"

Read also: How historians composed the Mongol Empire

“No Mongols could ever overcome the distance that separates Mongolia from Ryazan. Never! Neither removable hardy horses nor secure food along the way would help them. Even if these Mongols were transported in carts, they would not be able to get to Russia. And that is why all the countless novels about hikes "to the last sea" together with films about narrow-eyed horsemen who burn Orthodox churches are simply utter and stupid fairy tales. Let us ask ourselves a simple question: how many Mongols were there in Mongolia in the 13th century? Could the lifeless steppe suddenly give rise to tens of millions of soldiers who conquered half the world - China, Central Asia, the Caucasus, Russia … With all due respect to the present Mongols, I must say that this is an absolute absurdity. Where in the steppe can you get swords, knives, shields, spears, helmets, chain mail for hundreds of thousands of armed soldiers? How can a savage steppe living on the seven winds, within one generation, become a metallurgist, a blacksmith, a soldier? This is just nonsense! We are assuredthat there was iron discipline in the Mongol army. Gather a thousand Kalmyk hordes or gypsy camps and try to turn them into warriors with iron discipline. It's easier to make a nuclear submarine out of a school of herring going for spawning …"

Read also: Military-historical jokes. Part 3

Image of the Battle of Kulikovo on an old icon of the 17th century (restored, layers of later paint were removed in 1959, i.e. in the 18th-19th centuries the icon was inaccessible for editing). The icon is regarded as "a masterpiece not only of Yaroslavl painting, but of all Russian art of the 17th century." The troops of the Russians and the "Mongol-Tatars" are the same - armor, weapons, faces

L. N. Gumilyov, historian:

“Previously, in Russia, 2 people were responsible for governing the state: the Prince and the Khan. The prince was responsible for governing the state in peacetime. The khan or "military prince" took over the reins of control during the war, in peacetime he was responsible for the formation of the horde (army) and maintaining it in combat readiness. Chinggis Khan is not a name, but the title of "military prince", which, in the modern world, is close to the post of Commander-in-Chief of the Army. And there were several people who bore such a title. The most outstanding of them was Timur, it is about him that is usually talked about when they talk about Chinggis Khan. In the surviving historical documents, this man is described as a tall warrior with blue eyes, very white skin, powerful reddish hair and a thick beard. Which clearly does not correspond to the signs of a representative of the Mongoloid race, but fully fits the description of the Slavic appearance."

A. D. Prozorov, historian, writer:

“In the 8th century, one of the Russian princes nailed a shield to the gates of Constantinople, and it is difficult to assert that Russia did not exist even then. Therefore, in the coming centuries, corrupt historians for Russia planned long-term slavery, the invasion of the so-called. "Mongol-Tatars" and 3 centuries of obedience and humility. What marks this era in reality? We will not deny the Mongol yoke out of laziness, but … As soon as it became known in Russia about the existence of the Golden Horde, young guys immediately went there to … rob "the Tatar-Mongols who came to Russia." The Russian forays of the 14th century are best described (if anyone has forgotten, the period from the 14th to the 15th century is considered a yoke). In 1360, Novgorod lads fought along the Volga to the Kama mouth, and then took by storm the large Tatar city of Zhukotin. Having seized untold riches, the ushkuiniks returned and began to "drink zipuns" in the city of Kostroma. From 1360 to 1375, the Russians made eight major campaigns on the middle Volga, not counting small raids. In 1374, the Novgorodians took the city of Bolgar (not far from Kazan) for the third time, then went down and took Sarai itself - the capital of the Great Khan. In 1375, the Smolensk guys in seventy boats under the command of governors Prokop and Smolyanin moved down the Volga. By tradition, they paid a "visit" to the cities of Bolgar and Saray. Moreover, the rulers of the Bolgar, taught by bitter experience, paid off with a large tribute, but the khan's capital Sarai was taken by storm and plundered. In 1392, the ushkuyniks again took Zhukotin and Kazan. In 1409, voivode Anfal led 250 ushkues to the Volga and Kama. And in general, to beat the Tatars, in Russia, was considered not a feat, but a trade. During the Tatar "yoke" Russians went to the Tatars every 2-3 years, Sarai was fired dozens of times, Tatar women were sold to Europe in hundreds. What did the Tatars do in response? We wrote complaints! To Moscow, to Novgorod. The complaints persisted. The "enslavers" could not do anything else."

1241 by official date, Battle of Legnica, Polish-German knights and Tatars-Mongols. It is impossible to distinguish the belligerents:

G. V. Nosovskiy, A. T. Fomenko, authors of "New Chronology":

“The very name“Mongolia”(or Mogolia, as Karamzin and many other authors write, for example) comes from the Greek word“Megalion”, i.e. "Great". In Russian historical sources, the word "Mongolia" ("Mogolia") does not occur. But there is "Great Russia". It is known that foreigners called Russia Mongolia. In our opinion, this name is simply a translation of the Russian word “Great”. On the composition of Batu's troops (or Baty, in Russian), the notes of the Hungarian king and a letter to the Pope were left. “When,” wrote the king, “the state of Hungary from the Mongol invasion, as from the plague, for the most part was turned into the desert, and as a sheepfold was surrounded by various tribes of infidels, namely, Russians, strangers from the east, Bulgarians and other heretics” … a simple question: where are the Mongols here? Mentioned are Russians, Brodniks, Bulgarians, i.e. - Slavic tribes. Translating the word "Mongol" from the letter of the king, we get simply that "the great (megalion) peoples have invaded", namely: Russians, wanderers from the east, Bulgarians, etc. Therefore, our recommendation: it is useful every time to replace the Greek word "Mongol-megalion" with its translation - "great". The result will be a completely meaningful text, which does not require the involvement of some distant people from the borders of China to understand it."

“The very description of the Mongol-Tatar conquest of Russia in the Russian chronicles suggests that the“Tatars”are Russian troops led by Russian princes. Let's open the Laurentian Chronicle. It is the main Russian source about the time of the Tatar-Mongol conquest of Genghis Khan and Batu. Let's walk through this chronicle, freeing it from obvious literary embellishments. Let's see what remains after that. It turns out that the Laurentian Chronicle from 1223 to 1238 describes the process of the unification of Russia around Rostov under the Grand Duke of Rostov Georgy Vsevolodovich. At the same time, Russian events are described, with the participation of Russian princes, Russian troops, etc. "Tatars" are often mentioned, but not a single Tatar leader is mentioned. And in a strange way, the fruits of these "Tatar victories" are used by the Russian princes of Rostov: Georgy Vsevolodovich, and after his death - by his brother Yaroslav Vsevolodovich. If we replace the word “Tatar” with “Rostov” in this text, then we get a completely natural text describing the unification of Russia, carried out by the Russian people. Indeed. Here is the first victory of the "Tatars" over the Russian princes in the Kiev region. Immediately after that, when “they cried and grieved in Russia all over the land”, the Russian prince Vasilko, sent there by Georgy Vsevolodovich (as historians believe “to help the Russians”), turned back from Chernigov and “returned to the city of Rostov, glorifying God and the Holy Mother of God ". Why was the Russian prince so delighted with the victory of the Tatars? It is quite clear why Prince Vasilko praised God. God is praised for the victory. And, of course, not for someone else's! Prince Vasilko was delighted with his victory and returned to Rostov.

Having briefly talked about the Rostov events, the chronicle again turns to a description of the wars with the Tatars, rich in literary decorations. The Tatars take Kolomna, Moscow, besiege Vladimir and take Suzdal. Then Vladimir was taken. After that, the Tatars go to the Sit River. There is a battle, the Tatars are victorious. Grand Duke George dies in the battle. After announcing the death of George, the chronicler completely forgets about the "evil Tatars" and tells in detail, on several pages, how the body of Prince George was taken with honors to Rostov. After describing in detail the magnificent burial of Grand Duke George, and praising Prince Vasilko, the chronicler at the end writes: "Yaroslav, the son of the great Vsevolod, took the table in Vladimir, and there was great joy among Christians, whom God delivered with his strong hand from the godless Tatars." So, we see the result of the Tatar victories. The Tatars defeated the Russians in a series of battles and captured several of the main Russian cities. Then the Russian troops were defeated in the decisive battle in the City. From that moment on, the forces of the Russians in "Vladimir-Suzdal Rus" were completely broken. We are convinced that this is the beginning of a terrible yoke. The devastated country was turned into a smoking conflagration, flooded with blood, etc. The authorities are ruled by cruel aliens - Tatars. Independent Russia ended its existence. The reader is, apparently, waiting for a description of how the surviving Russian princes, already incapable of any military resistance, go to a forced bow to the khan. Where, by the way, is his rate? Since the Russian troops of George are defeated, one should expect that the Tatar Khan-conqueror will reign in his capital, who will take over the rule of the country. And what does the chronicle tell us? She immediately forgets about the Tatars. Tells about the affairs at the Russian court. About the magnificent burial of the Grand Duke who died in the City: his body is being taken to the capital, but it turns out that it is not the Tatar Khan (who has just conquered the country!) Sits in it, but his Russian brother and heir Yaroslav Vsevolodovich. And where is the Tatar Khan ?! And where does the strange (and even absurd) “great joy among Christians” come from in Rostov? There is no Tatar Khan, but there is the Grand Duke Yaroslav. It turns out that he takes power into his own hands. The Tatars disappeared without a trace! Plano Karpini, passing through Kiev, allegedly just conquered by the Mongols, for some reason does not mention a single Mongol leader. Desyatsky in Kiev calmly remained, as before Batu, Vladimir Eikovich. Thus, it turns out that many important command and administrative posts were also occupied by the Russians. Mongol conquerors are turning into some kind of invisible, which for some reason "no one sees."

K. A. Penzev, writer:

“Historians argue that, unlike the previous ones, Batu's invasion was especially brutal. Russia was all desolate, and the frightened Russians were forced to pay tithes and replenish Batu's army. Following this logic, Hitler, as an even more cruel conqueror, had to recruit a multimillion army from the Russians and conquer the whole world. However, Hitler had to shoot himself in his bunker …"

See also: False historian Karamzin