Everyday life of the workers of the Russian Empire: hospitals, pensions, children's football teams

2024 Author: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 15:55

At the beginning of the 20th century in Russia, in the era of the beginning of industrialization and the intensive growth of the number of workers, the need to improve medical services for the working population and the creation of medical institutions at factories and plants increased. A standardized day was introduced for workers, insurance against industrial accidents, and pension funds were organized at enterprises.

In 1903, there were "Rules on the remuneration of victims of accidents, as well as members of their families, in the enterprises of the factory, mining and mining industry." This law established the full responsibility of employers to employees in case of industrial accidents. In the event of temporary disability, workers were paid 1⁄2 of the average earnings, and in the event of disability, 2⁄3 of the average earnings. In the event of the death of a worker, his widow and children received his money.

On June 23, 1912, a law of the Russian Empire was adopted - "On providing workers in case of illness." The law provided for workers to receive payments in the event of temporary disability and obliged entrepreneurs to organize free medical care for workers. To accumulate the necessary funds, sickness funds were created - independent public organizations managed by the insured themselves.

From pension funds (which, as a rule, paid pensions for both length of service and disability), workers and employees received sickness benefits at the expense of enterprises and institutions. This benefit did not receive any separate registration; during illness, the employee simply continued to receive the usual salary.

The number of holidays in pre-revolutionary times for a worker in a year was 45.

Some examples of workers' hospitals:

The Krenholm Manufactory was founded in 1857 by the pioneer of the cotton spinning industry in Russia, Ludwig Knop, together with Kozma Soldatenkov and Alexei Khludov. In 1900, the company's products were awarded the Grand Prix at the World Paris Exhibition.

In 1890-1908. a complex of buildings is being built, including houses for workers, schools and kindergartens for children of workers, houses for production managers and foremen, a hospital, a maternity hospital, a laundry, a bakery and others, in order to improve the infrastructure of the manufactory.

The company took care of the welfare of its employees, the manufactory had its own schools, in which up to 1,200 children of employees were trained for free, as well as a nursery where workers could leave their children for the whole day. For the workers of the plant there was a bath and a laundry with hot water, which they could use free of charge. Employees lived at the factory in factory brick houses, paying only nominal rent.

in more detail:

Handbook for workers "Protection of life and health of workers in industry". 1915 year

From the Department of Trade and Industry.

"Income and Expenditures of Zemstvos of 34 Provinces by Estimates for 1910". Developed by the Statistics Division of the Salary Department. Saint Petersburg. 1912 year.

Hospitals were built everywhere.

People's House was a public cultural and educational institution in pre-revolutionary Russia.

Donbass railway repair workers. Kramatorsk. 1910s.

Fragment of a photograph.

Repair workers of the Trans-Baikal railway, Pankovka station, 3rd school, 21st working department. 1916 year. At the wedding.

Sitting (from left to right):

The groom is Andrey Belov.

Rem. worker Grigory Vasiliev Artyuk

Artel petty officer G. M. Merzlin

Standing (from left to right):

Rem. worker Bekmurza (patronymic illegible) Bekmurzaev

Carpenter Igor Belyaev

Worker Maxim Fedorov Tkachenko

Worker Fyodor Prokofiev Kolomeets

Working generation. Gunsmith A. P. Kalganov with his son and granddaughter, 1910. the city of Chrysostom. From the collection of S. M. Prokudin-Gorsky.

A native of the peasants of the village of Rybatskoye, Peter Alexandrovich Kazarin, born. 1878-28-01, a worker of the Obukhov Steel Plant, in 1903 bought a plot and built a house on the street. 3 line (street of the 3rd Pyatiletki). The house had a vegetable garden, a large garden, an apiary. The plot around the house was well-groomed - Peter Alexandrovich was known as an avid gardener, was engaged in planting flowers.

February 8, 1916. No. 1537 Aleksandrovskoe village, Petrograd.

Certificate.

This was issued to the artisan of the Lock and Sight Workshop Pyotr Kazarin in the fact that on the 6th day of December 1915, according to the award of the Committee on the service of the officials of the Civil Administration and awards, he was MUCH MERCY gracious to the STATE IMPERATOR to wear a silver ribbon on his chest with an inscription on his chest. "For diligence"

Football team of children of employees of the Nikolskaya manufactory. Orekhovo-Zuevo. 1910s.

All-Russian Hygienic Exhibition, which opened on June 7, 1913 in St. Petersburg, in Maly Petrovsky Park.

From the magazine "Niva" No. 30, 1913.

Part of the article about physical culture, the formation of a healthy lifestyle among young people: