Tartary. Unanswered questions

2024 Author: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 15:55

So, it's time to draw the line, briefly formulate what we have been able to prove so far, and separate versions from assumptions. Although this work does not pretend to be a scientific one, nevertheless, when writing it, I tried as rarely as possible to use such a logical definition as Assumption. I did not take into account the works of modern researchers with a dubious reputation, who, by their deliberate or unintentional actions, cause colossal harm to science, putting everything connected with Tartary on the same level with hundreds of other marginal works. All operating concepts, judgments and conclusions are based on the facts stated in the sources, which are recognized by official science.

From this it follows that for the most part, with the exception of erroneous conclusions, which cannot be avoided either by me or by any mortal in general, there are good reasons to agree that the history of Great Tartary has the right to claim the role of a part of world history along with the history of the ancients. Rome and Greece. Without touching on the question of the authenticity of the existing chronology, adopted in history, even now we can single out a number of issues on the basis of which it is necessary to begin the correction of the entire existing system of knowledge. But taking into account the changes in the meaning of many terms, concepts and definitions that have occurred over a long period for various reasons.

It is necessary to constantly remember that even in the recent past, many concepts had a different meaning, and some did not exist at all. For example, until the end of the nineteenth century, there was no such thing as "nation" in science. There were no “ethnic communities” such as “Slavs”, “Ugro-Finns”, “Scandinavians”, “Balts”, etc. But such concepts as “state”, “country”, “empire”, “emperor”, “Great (s)”, etc. had a different meaning in the past, different from those that we use today. For example, the definition “country of Great Tartary” had the following meaning:

- Lands occupying a large area, in which live mainly peoples, descending from a common ancestor named Tartarus, united by the rule of one chapter, to whom they pay taxes.

And the concept "Emperor of the Great Mughals" had the following meaning:

- A person who leads the people, who himself belongs to the generation of Mughals (Mogulls), whom neighboring peoples call "great" for their tall stature and powerful physique. Indeed, it is true that many Arab and European travelers described the inhabitants of Tartaria as tall and strong people.

It is possible that the very word "mighty" is of epithet origin and means "strong like a mogull." Thus, it becomes clear that by saying “great”, our ancestors did not at all mean any outstanding merits and features that put the object to which the epithet is applied above others. Great is just great. Great Russia and Little Russia differed only in the size of the territories and nothing else. Like the name Little Tartarians, it was derogatory in relation to the Great. Just one big, the other smaller.

It should also be recalled about the change in the meaning of the words "indus", "summer" and "century". A very funny collision has developed with the latter, which introduces colossal confusion in the heads of modern historians. So, seeing this word in the old manuscript, the researcher automatically transfers to it his usual interpretation, that this is a period lasting one hundred calendar years. But until recently, every Russian clearly understood that the century is different. This is reflected even in our modern everyday language and in art. Remember the famous song from the beloved movie by many, which begins with the line "The cavalry guard is not a long time …". It never occurs to anyone to ask themselves the question: “How so? Why can a century be long or short, because they are a hundred years old and in Africa a hundred years?

And the whole point is that when historians had not yet managed to split history into eras and epochs, our great-grandfathers used the concept of Century to designate historical periods. And the centuries were of the most varied duration. I will show this using the example of the Gospel for Children, published in St. Petersburg in 1820. By the way, modern scientists argue about the time of the Flood, proving to each other that it happened 12, 5 thousand years ago or 40 thousand years ago. Ashamed! At the beginning of the nineteenth century, every child knew the exact chronology of events:

Collisions of Christian chronology

- The first century: from the creation of the World to the flood, and lasted 1656 years, one month and twenty-six days (according to the Gregorian calendar, it turns out that the flood happened on November 26, 3583 BC)

- Second century: from the summer of 1657 (i.e. from the arrival of Noah to Mount Ararat) to the calling of Abraham in the year 2083 from the creation of the world. Lasted 426 years, four months and 18 days.

- Third century: lasted 430 years from the calling of Abraham until the summer of 2513 (2997 BC) when Moses took his people out of Egypt.

- The fourth century: from the exodus of the Jews to the foundation of the Temple of Solomon in the summer of 2992 from Nm. (2518 BC). It lasted 479 years and 17 days.

- Fifth century: from the founding of the temple of Solomon to the end of the captivity of the Jews by the king Cyrus, which happened in the summer of 3468 from d. Lasted 476 years. (Here there is a contradiction with the information left by Herodotus. Either in fact Cyrus lived one and a half thousand years earlier than the generally accepted version, or the indicated event happened at the same time later, if it actually happened at all)

- Sixth century: from the beginning of the freedom given by Cyrus to the Jews, to the incarnation of God the Word (Nativity of Christ), which took place in the summer of 4000. Contains 532 years (here again a mysterious moment: it turns out that Jesus was born 1508 years earlier before his official Christmas, which is celebrated every year around the world on December 25th.)

- Seventh century: from the birth of Jesus to the end of the world …

And here comes one of the most intriguing moments. If the author is not crazy, then how to understand his words? After all, if the seventh century began in 1508 BC, then what happened next? We still continue to live in the seventh century, or … The world died before the author wrote these lines at the beginning of the 19th century? According to the text, it is not at all clear whether the end of the world was already, or everything is still ahead.

There is a mass of circumstantial evidence pointing to a certain historical milestone that divided history into “before” and “after”. Not a single document has survived, not a single direct mention, but according to indirect indications, it happened between 1812 and 1841. It is this time that looks the most unlikely against the background of the entire official history, and many researchers have come to the conclusion that the fake history written was born for only one global goal - to conceal the fact of the greatest catastrophe that almost completely destroyed life in the northern hemisphere, after which the next redistribution of the world began. But this topic is already for another study. And let's go back to the main facts, which can be considered quite solid, given the above adjustments to concepts and definitions.

Tartar theses

Tartaria is the heir to one of the most ancient civilizations that existed simultaneously with such antediluvian civilizations as the Egyptian, Babylonian, Indian, Chinese and, perhaps, those that are considered mythical; these are Atlantis, Lemuria and Hyperborea. It is highly probable that the above civilizations, with the exception of mythical ones, were parts of one single civilization, which, according to some sources, was called the Rosh Empire.

Roche originally stretched across the entire northern hemisphere, but after the Flood, it revived from the Arctic Ocean to the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea, from north to south, and from the west coast of North America to Britain, from east to west.

Since the time when the territory of this country lost part of Europe west of the Rhone River, North Africa, the Middle East, Mesopotamia and India, several names have been assigned to it, which sometimes existed simultaneously, among which were such as Upper India, Scythia, Mogul, Tartaria, Katay, and all this had a generalized name Asia.

Around the first century A. D. formed the most stable borders of Asia, which actually bordered on Europe along the Danube, and formally, along the Don River. However, up to the sixteenth century, all the lands from the Danube and the Baltic were subject to Tartary, and in fact formed a single whole with it, despite the absence of such a concept as a country, or a state in their current understanding. As Europe consisted of separate lands, so Tartary, in fact, was a confederation of separate political entities.

But unlike Europe, where everyone was "for himself", all subjects of Tartary were subject to a single rule, and in fact were a centralized state. The state is extremely heterogeneous, both in ethnic composition and in the form of state power, the level of development of individual regions, and the way of doing business. Each of the lands had its own name, ruler, symbols, currency and army, but they were all equal and were jointly and severally responsible to the court of the Great Khan. But, in addition to responsibilities, each of the subjects also had a set of rights that the Great Khan guaranteed him, in the form of material and military assistance.

In general, Tartary is not the self-name of the inhabitants of a large country. Each of the countries had its own name: White Russia, Chervonaia Russia, Biarmia, Muscovy, Volgaria (Bulgaria), Obdoria, Cheremission, Yugoria, Cherkassia, Tangut, Mogol, Tartar, etc. One of the peoples who called himself Tartarus, who lived on the territory of modern Kolyma, in the city of Tartarus, on the banks of the river of the same name, gave the name to all the peoples who lived east of the Don and north of Tibet. However, this name was common to all, which is understandable, many did not like. As for foreigners now, we are all Russians as before. Even when the USSR existed, we were still, out of habit, called Russians, ever since the existence of the Russian Empire.

It is not entirely clear by what distinctive features the Russians began to call representatives of certain peoples Tartars. Moreover, I will note that along with the ethnonym, which is familiar to us today, Tatars, one could often find the Western version of the pronunciation - tartars. In principle, there were practically no grounds for such a distinction, because there were no ethnic or cultural differences between Russians and Slovenes, Mogulls and Tartars.

Here you can put forward only one, Bole less likely version. At some point, our ancestors began to call the tribes Tartars, or Tatars, which, together with Islam, adopted the language of communication from the Turkic tribes. But, as you know, language is not a distinctive feature of an ethnos. And the results of DNA genealogy research fully confirm this version. Slavs and Tatars, as well as Balts, Turkmens, Tajiks, Bashkirs, Uzbeks, Kyrgyz, and Kalmyks, all have a single haplotype R1. Moreover, we, for the most part, are carriers of a single haplogroup R1a1. And these are no longer just fraternal peoples, but a single people.

It turns out that genetically, the Kyrgyz are closer to the Russians than the Europeans, among whom haplotype N1 and haplogroup R1b1 prevail. Therefore, I would like to warn all those who are in pseudo-patriotic euphoria: - Tartary, this is not the "empire of the Slavs."Tartary, like the Russian Federation, like the USSR and the Russian Empire, at all times was home to a great many clans, tribes and peoples, among which there were no good and bad, great and “so-so”.

Tartaria was a union of free lands, based on equality in rights and obligations, with broad powers in all matters, up to the right to mint its own money, and to choose the form of government and legislation. "Yoke" or "prison of peoples", it was called by those who did not want to share collective responsibility, who dreamed of not paying taxes, and believed that becoming a subject of Catholics, he would be allowed to have fewer obligations to the sovereign and his own people.

Therefore, all those who shout louder than anyone that Tartary is the "stuffing of the Vatican" are either not able to "add two by two", or they themselves act in the interests of the enemies of our country. Knowledge of the true past of the Motherland makes it impossible to change the essence and principles on which our civilization is based, which means that it leaves no chance for our enemies who dream of dividing Russia into parts and taking them away “into organs”. And this fundamentally contradicts those who argue that the "Project of the Freemasons" Tartaria "contributes to the separation of Siberia from Russia. On the contrary! And I have given strong arguments in favor of this. Critics, however, do not cite anything in support of their arguments, except for unfounded statements - slogans.

Well, and in connection with this circumstance, I cannot fail to mention a new trend that clearly emerged at the end of 2017. This is an avalanche of "revealing" information concerning everything connected with Tartary. It is unlikely that this is a controlled and guided process, although I do not exclude such a possibility, but most likely this is a manifestation of a banal herd instinct. Some of the authoritative personalities, whose opinion is considered indisputable, not possessing complete information, based only on the statements of marginal pseudo-historians claiming to be shepherds, spoke about Tartary, to put it mildly, as a delusion.

Particularly strange seems to be one of the "proof" arguments, which was widely spread among the "whistle-blowers", it is a reference to the rules of pronunciation of words in English. They say, in accordance with the rules, the word "Tartaria" is read as Tataria, because in English, the letter "R" in front of the consonants is not readable, which means that such a country did not exist in general. The logic of the whistleblowers does not fit into any framework, but the flock spreading the words of their teacher has nothing to do with the fact that the old maps and texts in which the word "Tartaria" is present are written in any languages except English. No, there are, of course, maps and texts in English, but their share in the total mass is negligible.

Thus, I come to the conclusion that, most likely, the works of pseudo-historians are part of a planned campaign aimed at hiding the historical truth. After all, if it is not possible to hide it from the eyes of curious citizens, then it is enough just to discredit and publicly ridicule, declaring everyone who deals with this issue, either malicious falsifiers looking for their own benefit, or uneducated, stupid, suggestible people.

Meanwhile, discarding speculation and unfounded statements, we have in our hands a colossal array of objective data, which is physically impossible to fabricate. We know a great deal of information that allows us to compose, at times, a detailed picture of the past. We have an accurate description of the geography of Great Tartary, its ethnic composition, forms of government and government, customs and mores, religions, mythology, writing, state symbols and major milestones in history, confirmed by various independent sources.

As you know, the main symbols of Great Tartary were the vulture (griffin) and the owl, depicted on the golden banners. By the way, the Russian Empire, as the successor to Tartary, originally had the same banner, only an owl and a vulture, gave way to a two-headed eagle. The owl is now considered a symbol of some secret societies, and the griffin, although two-legged, unlike the Tartar one, is called Zilant, and is depicted on the coat of arms of Kazan.

What are these outlandish animals? Maybe fiction, maybe not. Here are two fragments of the world map compiled by Monte Urbano in 1587:

Unicorn between the Lena and Yenisei rivers

On the territory of modern Yakutia, we see a unicorn, which was also on the banner of Muscovy during the reign of Ivan the Terrible. He was also portrayed not by the personal seal of the sovereign. You can, of course, consider the unicorn a mythical beast, if not for the Epistle of Presbyter John to the Pope, in which he, describing Tartary, mentions some metagalinaries. It is believed that these animals are as fictional as griffins with basilisks. But I wonder how you can invent something that has no analogues? After all, the back of the throne of the great khans had an ornament in the form of a sculpture depicting a "fossil" pterodactyl, which allegedly died out 66 million years ago, and became known to paleontologists in 1784, after the discovery in Bavaria of a skeleton imprint on a stone slab, which was used to recreate the external the appearance of this lizard.

This means that with other "fabulous" animals, it is not so simple. There is an opinion that one of the rhino species that actually lived in Eurasia was called metagalinaria, which died out, according to scientists, about eight thousand years ago. But what if they lived quite recently, and the legends about the "horse with a horn on its forehead" were still fresh in the time of Ivan the Terrible? Then it is logical to assume that the griffin is not at all such a mythical beast. They simply drew it from the words of the old people, who described the vultures in a language that was understandable to them.

This is how a "snake" with a bird's head and wings turned out. All reptiles were called snakes, including the "corkodiles", which were not a curiosity for Russia even in the late Middle Ages, because several copies of the newspaper "Pskovskie vedomosti" of the late nineteenth century have survived, which tells about an amazing incident captured in the chronicle. It talks about the invasion of "korkodilov" who crawled out of the river Velikaya, who began to "eat" cats and dogs, and even several people were injured.

In addition, a whole subclass of pterosaurs with four legs is well known to paleontologists. The front ones are usually aligned with the wings, like in bats. It was this kind of pterosaur that could turn into a griffin, depicted not by an eyewitness, but by an artist who created a drawing of a creature according to oral descriptions that have come down from more ancient times.

Griffin in Alaska

In general, many scientists are already timidly beginning to speak out in favor of the statement that mammoths existed several centuries ago, and it is quite possible that they were simply called elephants. The remains of mammoths with long and thick wool have not yet been found. The image of a furry giant was born only due to the need to somehow justify the very fact of finding these heat-loving herbivores in the northern territories. In fact, mammoths' hair was thin, slightly larger than that of Indian elephants. Therefore, it is highly probable that exactly those elephants that we now call mammoths lived on the Green Hill near Kublai Khan.

And that Siberian elephants existed quite recently, there is not only indirect evidence, such as Turgenev's slip of the tongue, for example, in the story "Khor and Kalinich", where he describes the peasant's clothes, quite casually says that the peasant has boots made of mammoth skin were worn, but also direct statements. So, for example, the envoy of Peter the Great, Eberhard Izbolnedes, sent from Moscow to Katay, wrote in his report of 1692:

“The ancient Siberians and Russians believe that mamants and elephants are one, although the teeth of the mamants are more bent, and they are stronger against elephants, which is discussed as follows: before the flood, they say, their places were supposedly very warm, and the elephants were tamo there were many who, with all the other creatures, were drowned, and they floated on the water while it was asleep, and also such elephants remained in the mud and in the swamps, and after the flood, their climate changed, and it became very cold, and these swamps were bought the elephants were frozen; but how it melts from the spring air, that they go upstairs, and the permafrost from them preserves from rottenness …"

It turns out that at the end of the seventeenth century there were still people who survived the flood and remember what Siberia was like before it. And this is another moment of truth that allows setting a less accurate date for the catastrophe that destroyed almost the entire eastern part of Great Tartary from the Urals to the west coast of the United States. In principle, the year 1492, which became the year of the "discovery of the New World," is also suitable for this, but there are much more arguments in favor of the fact that, after all, it happened in the interval between 1645 and 1649. After all, if we look at the chronicle of the events of this period, we will see a completely anomalous picture: around the world at this time there were volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, epidemics, and famine, which claimed millions of human lives around the world.

Marco Polo claimed that there are more than two hundred million inhabitants in Katai, but if this is true, then where are the remains of people? The fact that Siberia was practically a bare desert, devoid of all kinds of vegetation a hundred and twenty years ago was confirmed many times, including photographs. The traces of the disaster can be easily read on satellite images even today, when this region is completely overgrown with taiga. Consequently, the catastrophe actually took place quite recently, and along with mammoths, woolly rhinos, saber-toothed tigers, and other animals destroyed by the flood, the remains of people would certainly have to be in the permafrost. They were not found officially.

And this has always been the main trump card in the hands of traditional science, which claims that mammoths died out at a time when humans were still little different from a monkey, and ran across the tundra with a club, driving mammoths into pits with pointed stakes placed at the bottom. And who of the scientists would dare to hunt African elephants in this way in order to prove that this was the case in reality? There are no volunteers. But, most importantly: - where, then, are the remains of primitive primates who chased mammoths? And officially, they are not there either. What happened in reality if there was a flood, moreover, recently, and apart from the remains of frozen mammoths, we are not shown a single frozen Neanderthal man?

Everything will become clear if we assume that the remains are still found, but these remains do not belong to prehistoric primates. If the corpses of people are dressed in medieval clothes, and even have a pronounced Caucasian appearance, then this will not leave a stone unturned from the present world. Everything will collapse, and at once. The whole world will turn upside down if everyone knows the truth, which will make the population of the Earth practically uncontrollable. And it is very likely that there is evidence to support this version. I cannot vouch for the reliability of the event, the description of which I will give below, but it is impossible to confirm or deny it. At least at this stage. Here is what one friend of mine told me, who wished to remain incognito:

Remains of convicts, or great Mughals?

“The story is as it was: I heard everything from the same K … (this is the name of the famous geologist, with whom we crawled along the circumpolar Urals). He began to talk about his hereditary geological dynasty, they say, both his father and grandfather were engaged in this under the tsar, but they specialized in gold. In Soviet times, they were given routes and, as scouts, they had to make pits in strictly designated places, and this was exactly in Kolyma. He did not give exact names or coordinates. Or I don't remember anymore. 18 years ago, he says, there was a lot of gold everywhere. And where they came, the content was simply wild, one hundred and twenty grams per cubic meter of rock. It's just fabulous content, not real. Only, he says, the center was informed about the find, they are removed from the point, and the nearest mine is planted.

And there, in search of the blockage, according to the plan, the annual burns so much that the caps should have flown serious, so my father suggested that if you work out a piece there, you can work out the annual rate of gold in a day. The authorities in the regional center informs. There is silence for a day, then comrades in civilian clothes arrive by helicopter, with protruding armpits on the left side. Those hard workers who were selected were immediately subject to a subscription and a condition: to work only at night.

They cordoned off the area. Night. Searchlights. The bulldozer under the cannon of the industrial device shoves up the rock when they washed this water on the stencil with water, from there people flew frozen. He himself heard this from his father, and I ask what kind of clothes what kind of people are gender and age? I refused. He says that the stage was probably frozen under Stalin here, and the business … In general, in two nights they blocked the plan and earned the whole mine … people frozen, the answer was: - "Thousands"!

Who knows what's next! We just caught the edge of the clearing … That's how I heard it … There he also told about magic stones that there is also interesting in those parts."

Here's a story. Thousands of frozen corpses, this is a good plot for a horror movie, which human rights activists like to write, but such an explanation seems to me very doubtful. Moreover, if we take into account the unofficial data of the expedition of Doctor of Historical Sciences Yuri Alekseevich Mochanov, 1977, at the entrance of which the so-called Deering culture was discovered.

It is officially stated that on the territory of the present Lena Pillars National Park, on one of the Lena's tributaries, the Diring-Yuryakhe, the expedition discovered primitive tools of labor of primitive man made of quartzite. According to the thermoluminescent analysis of tools, the age of the deposits with cultural remains was 370-260 thousand years ago. Geographers attribute the Deering finds to 125-10 thousand years ago. This statement now gives grounds for the results of the excavations to become a subject for study by the Commission for Combating Pseudosciences and Falsification of Scientific Research under the Ministry of Education and Science.

But this is already the current situation, and in the spring of 1986 an international symposium was scheduled in Moscow, at which Mochanov was supposed to publish the main research results. However, under far-fetched pretexts, the symposium was first postponed to a later date, and then completely canceled. "Perestroika" got in the way, you see.

And now no one even asks the question of how archaeologists were brought into the deep taiga in general. After all, they do not have time to dig even what they are obliged to explore in accordance with the urban planning schedules. Here's how to explain such a "magic" coincidence, did Yuri Alekseevich poke his finger at the map himself, and went to dig who knows what, who knows where? No. It doesn't work that way. According to unofficial data, they were summoned there by geological prospectors who were conducting exploration work in that area.

And the reason for the call was not at all quartzite pebbles. The geologists did not pay attention to them at all. The reason was the suddenly open cavity in the rocky ground, where the remains of dozens of people were located, whose skeletons at first glance gave reason to assert that this is a very ancient burial. And while examining the layers of soil under the burial, pieces of stones with obvious traces of their manual processing were found. But … The sensation did not take place. Radiocarbon analysis showed that the remains date back to the 6th - 5th millennium BC. And it is clear that if the theory of cyclic glaciers is taught in all educational institutions of the world, then such a find completely refuted the entire historical science.

This is the only reason why the discovery of the century was "wrinkled" to the stones of the Paleolithic era, which later began to be ridiculed. One can only sympathize, assuming what a personal tragedy this mockery of common sense turned out to be for Professor Mochanov.

Be that as it may, I have no convincing evidence of the sounded version, except for the absence of finds of remains of people - contemporaries of mammoths, proof. In my opinion, this is one of the surest proofs of concealing objective information. Why hide it - it is obvious: so as not to rewrite the whole history anew. And the confirmation of this version can be considered the paradoxes of medieval cartography.

Fragment of the world map of Monte Urbano 1587.

At first geographers were well aware of the outlines of continents, rivers, mountains, as on the Keller map of 1590, to which I referred more than once above, and then something happened … Sailing ships no longer plow the expanses of the Arctic Ocean, as it was in the sixteenth century … Now the entire northeastern part of Asia and the west coast of North America are flooded with water:

Fragment of the New World Map by John Senex. 1720 Kolyma and Chukotka at the bottom of the ocean.

Fragment of the New World Map by John Senex. 1720 Northwest America at the bottom of the ocean

In my opinion, it is nowhere clearer. John Senex called his map "The New Map of the World". Not seeing and not understanding what this means is the height of carelessness. Obviously, in the second half of the seventeenth century, events took place that changed the appearance of the continents, and a new map of the world was required. Explanations of this fact by the illiteracy of the cartographer do not stand up to criticism. Until the eighteenth century, every captain of a ship had maps with accurately traced coastlines of all continents, and even mountains and rivers on them, and then suddenly everyone suddenly forgot about the existence of these maps, and had to draw a New map of the world. And then the "Age of Geographical Discovery" also followed. Yes exactly. The era of great geographical discoveries, in fact, had a different time frame than those officially declared, and began only in the eighteenth century, when chronometers appeared, without which it was impossible to determine the geographical longitude (coordinate Y).

Nobody opened anything. It just took a revision to clarify what our planet now looks like. Vitus Bering, for example, was to find out whether the strait between Chukotka and Alaska has survived. It turned out to be preserved. And he even received the name of the "discoverer". And Jean de La Perouse was sent in 1841 to find out whether Sakhalin and Hokkaido were in place, and whether an isthmus appeared between them. The strait was in place, and received a new name, in honor of its "discoverer". The rest of the geographical discoveries, most likely, also happened at this time, because the previous exploits of the navigators turned out to be useless without accurate nautical charts.

And even if I am mistaken in the details, albeit essential, the main version, at the moment, sounds exactly like this:

The “trigger” for the transformation of Great Tartary into the Russian Empire was not even the separatism of Ivan the Terrible, who took advantage of the internal contradictions caused by the moral decay of the rulers of Tartaria, which led to the decline of the great empire, but a natural cataclysm that destroyed most of this country and ended its history, almost completely, and irrevocably. Later attempts at revenge, undertaken by Alexei Grigorievich Cherkassky and his voivode Stepan Razin, as well as Yemelyan Ivanovich Izmailov (Pugachev), were unsuccessful.

The last reserves of Tartary were destroyed under the guise of the Patriotic War of 1812, and finally, the fragments of Tartary were "picked up" by the Russian Empire in 1868, when the troops of General Kaufman took Samarkand by storm. This is how the age-old confrontation of the Oldenburgs ended, to which, most likely, not only Peter I and his followers belonged, but also Ivan the Terrible himself, with the Novgorod and Karakurum. But this story has not ended even today! Modern Russia is the heir to the Great Tartary, and the battle between the eastern and western types of civilization continues to unfold right before our eyes. This means that there is still a lot of interesting things ahead!

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