Hyperborea - the Greek rode across the river

2024 Author: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 15:55

To lose, not to discover Hyperborea today, historians just need to go blind and deaf. It is necessary to stubbornly ignore, keep silent, ignore the basic theories of related sciences (linguistics) and the data of archeology.

A paragraph from Wikipedia: "In historical science, the myth of the Hyperboreans is considered a special case of utopian ideas about the outlying peoples characteristic of various cultures, devoid of a specific historical basis."

But in ancient Greek myths (theogonic, cosmogonic, anthropogonic, etc.), in contrast to the "historical science", Hyperborea and Hyperboreans for some reason occupy not a marginal, but a central place. Greek is one of the languages of the Indo-European language family. The Indo-European language family is included in the Nostratic, and that, in turn, in the Borean superfamily.

I don’t know in relation to whom or to what in the “historical science” the Proto-Indo-Europeans and Boreans, who built civilization, are considered “outlying peoples”? And why do representatives of "historical science" who post articles on Wikipedia consider the Proto-Indo-Europeans and Boreans to be devoid of "a concrete historical basis"?

Ancient Greek myths describe the original, paradise country - Hyperborea and the Hyperborean mountains. The ancient Greeks also call these mountains "Ripeyskie" (Riphean). However, in ancient Indian myths, the eagle brought Indra Soma from the top of Ripa.

The name itself - Hyperborea has come down to us in the ancient Greek transcription. "Hyper" in translation means "for" or "over something." Boreas - for the Greeks "north wind". In Scandinavian mythology, the god Bor was the father of God Odin and other gods, which indicates the involvement of the Proto-Germans and Pro-Scandinavians in what was happening in Hyperborea. Bora - north wind; breeze - boron from, wind from boron; Bor is a forest. From which it follows that on the approaches to Hyperborea in the Ripean Mountains there is an area with a very strong and constant cold wind. This will serve as one of the anchors for the geographical localization of Hyperborea.

The Ocean River flows in Hyperborea. Let's try to figure out which reservoir the Greeks called the Ocean, based on the testimony of ancient authors.

Homer (12th to 7th century BC). The legendary epic poet of Hellas.

Odyssey (IV, 560-568). Translation by V. V. Veresaev

But for you, Menelaus, the gods have prepared something else:

You will not die in the powerhouse Argos.

You will be sent by the gods to the Elysian fields, to the very

The extreme reaches of the earth where Radamant the fair-haired lives.

In these places, the easiest life awaits a person.

There is no rain there, no snow, no storms are not violent.

Forever there is the Ocean with the invigorating breath of Zephyr

It blows with a blowing whistle to bring coolness to people."

Here is what Pomonius Mela writes about Hyperborea in his work "On the structure of the earth":

“Opposite the sun-scorched part of the coast (the Ocean River. Auth.) _ Are the islands that, according to the stories, belonged to the Hesperides. A dense (mountainous. Auth.) Massif rises among the sands Mount Atlant. This mountain is inaccessible because of the rocks sticking out from all sides and sharpens as it approaches the top. The top of the mountain is not visible, it goes into the clouds. They say that it not only touches the sky and stars, but also props them up.

Opposite this mountain are the Islands of the Blessed. Here, by themselves, one after the other, fruits grow, which serve as food for the inhabitants of the islands. These people do not know worries and live better than the inhabitants of magnificent cities ….

Plutarch (45 AD - 127 AD) Ancient Greek philosopher, biographer, moralist. ABOUT FACE SEEN ON THE DISC OF THE MOON:

26 … “A certain island, Ogygia, lies far in the sea … and three other islands, located from it and from each other at an equal distance, lie further away. On one of them, according to the stories of local residents, Zeus imprisoned Kronos, and next to him put the most ancient Briareus, who bears guards, guarding those islands and the sea called the Sea of Kronos. The great continent, which encircles the Great Sea in a ring, is not far from the other islands."

Here we have a clear geographical indication that in the Hyperborean mountains we should look for the sea (lake) of Kronos, surrounded by a ring by the mainland (a very important detail noted by the ancient author), with a tomb temple on the island. Knowing that there is only one lake of meteoric origin in the Urals - "a ring surrounded by the continent", it is not at all difficult to find the Kronos Sea.

And here is another indication of the geography of Hyperborea:

Pliny the Elder (c. 23 AD - 79 AD). Roman statesman, encyclopedic scholar and historian.

NATURAL HISTORY. Book four

“… 88. Behind Tafras in the depths of the continent live Avkhets… royal Scythians and dark-haired Agathirs. Above - nomads, then anthropophages, beyond the Bug over Lake Meotian Sarmatians and Issedons. And along the coast up to Tanais live the Meotians, after them the lake is named, and the very last Arimasps behind them. Then there are the Ripaean Mountains and the area called Pterophorus, because there is constant snowfall that looks like feathers. This part of the world is condemned by nature and is immersed in a thick fog; only cold can be born there and ice Aquilon is stored.

89. Behind these mountains and on the other side of Aquilon lives, if one can believe, from time immemorial, a happy people who are called Hyperborean; fabulous miracles are told about him…. This sunny country with a temperate climate is not subject to harmful winds. Hyperboreans live in groves and forests, worship the gods separately and together, they are not familiar with strife and ailments.

90. … Some believe that the Hyperboreans do not live in Europe, but at the beginning of the Asian coast (Ocean River. Auth.) … There is no doubt about the existence of this people. So, on the road from the Mediterranean, past Tavria and the Sea of Azov, past the Sarmatians, Issedons and nomads, and into the Ripean mountains. There is Pterophorus, guardian of icy Aquilon, a mountainous region with a harsh cold climate, thick fogs and feathery snow. By the way, in ancient Greek myths, when Boreus, Pterophorus, Aquilon, Champs Elysees are mentioned, thick fogs are always mentioned. An important geographic detail! And Hyperborea is on the other side of Aquilon (Pterophorus), beyond the Ripean (Hyperborean) mountains. And it is a sunny country with a temperate climate. Hyperborea is not in Europe, but at the beginning of the Asian coast. The coasts of what? Ocean Rivers, rivers carrying water to the Ocean.

Here's another piece of evidence:

Callimachus (310 - 235) Greek poet, critic and polyhistor of the Alexandrian era, "king of the elegy", who served as a model for Ovid, Propertius, Catullus, Virgil.

Callimachus hymn IV "To Delos":

In the half-day land they won for themselves, and those that are accustomed to

Live beyond Boreus in the sands, the most durable human race!

Yes, they send you straw and ears

In consecrated sheaves; from them pelasgis in Dodona

The first to receive the gift, from a distant land sent, -

Servants of the verbal copper that sleep on naked ground;

The first are these gifts from the fair-haired Arimasps to you

Upis, and the maiden Lokso was delivered, and Hekaerg, The daughters of Boreas, and the youths with them a crowd of innocent, The chosen color of youth; but they did not return to their homeland, Having received the best destiny and attained everlasting glory.

Even to this day brides on Delos, the cry of Hymen

Listening with a quivering ear, they carry it as an offering to the virgins

Their maiden curls, while young men, cutting off

The first are the beginnings of the brada, they are sacrificed to pure youths.

Here the author directly calls the Hyperboreans "fair-haired Arimasps", points to their "long-term life." And the Hyperboreans themselves for the Greeks, in contrast to the "wiki-historians", though mysterious, are certainly not utopian, but quite concrete and real, with their own names and graves.

And here is an indication of the dimensions of Hyperborea:

Horace (Quintus Horace Flaccus) (65 BC - 8 BC). Roman poet.

"To the Patron"

Flying faster than Dedalov's son, I, the song swan, will see the rustling

Bosphorus breg, Sirte bays, The vastness of the Hyperborean fields …

Needless to say - steppe and steppe all around. Previously, it was called the Aryan expanse, then Scythia, Sarmatia, Tartaria, and now Russia.

Aristotle (384 - 322 BC). Ancient Greek philosopher and scientist.

“We inhabit the middle space between the Arctic belt, close to the North Pole, and the summer tropical, and the Scythians-Rus and other Hyperborean peoples live closer to the Arctic belt…”.

(Quoted from the collected works of Aristotle published by the Berlin Academy of Sciences in 1836)

Here, as they say, neither add nor subtract from what has been said. For Aristotle, in contrast to the "wiki-historians", the Scythians-Rus and other Hyperborean peoples are again not utopian, but quite real. As US President Barack Obama called Russia a "regional power", so the wiki-historians who write about the Hyperboreans call the Scythians-Rus a border people. One can imagine who they consider the "central" people and what kind of inferiority complex they have, in contrast to the ancient Greeks.

The Hyperboreans are the descendants of the titans, witnesses and participants of not peripheral, but central events of the pre-Greek history - titanomachy. This is directly indicated by ancient authors: "The Hyperboreans were of titanic origin … They grew up from the blood of the former titans."

The battle lasted ten years. The defeated titans were cast down to Tartarus. According to the Orphic (song) tradition, Cronus later reconciled with Zeus and ruled over the islands of the blessed at the end of the Earth, in Hyperborea. The reign of Cronus was later recalled as a kingdom of justice and was called the Golden Age. Cronus was buried in a deep golden stone tomb on the island of the Kronnid Sea, also called the Scythian Sea. After that, Zeus, in the struggle for justice, participated in many battles in different countries, and after his death he was ascended to Olympus for eternal reign. In the most ancient Greek myths, Olympus was located in Arcadia, the region of Hyperborea, and only later the name was transferred to a local mountain in Greece.

Judging by the results of Titanomachy, Zeus's supporters were scattered around the periphery of the Earth in different directions, became peripheral peoples, and in the center, in the country of the blessed (Hyperborea), Cronus remained to rule - the victory remained with Cronus and his supporters, titans and tartars, inhabitants of Tartarus (later Tartaria).

Mircea Eliade, Romanian, American historian, ethnographer, suggested that the myths about the "golden age" testify to the events of the Neolithic revolution, to the building of civilization.

Hesiod (c. 700 BC). The first Greek poet left such a testimony about the Hyperboreans:

"Works and Days", 109-120, trans. V. Veresaeva:

Created first of all a generation of people golden

Ever-living gods, owners of Olympic dwellings, There was also Cronus, the lord at that time, the lord of the sky.

Those people lived like gods with a calm and clear soul, Not knowing grief, not knowing labors. And sad old age

She did not dare to approach them. Always the same strong

There were their arms and legs. They spent their lives in feasts.

And they died, as if enveloped in sleep. Flaw

Was unknown to them in anything. Big harvest and plentiful

Themselves gave themselves grain-giving lands. They are, We worked as much as we wanted, calmly collecting wealth.

The herd are the owners of many, dear to the hearts of the blessed.

After the earth covered this generation, They all turned into benevolent daimons of the land

By the will of the great Zeus: people on earth are protected, Vigilantly at our right deeds and wrong ones look.

Dressed in foggy darkness, they go around the whole earth, giving

Wealth for people. They got such royal honor."

Describing the Ripean Mountains, Herodotus notes that “in the countries lying at their foothills, winter is so severe that an unbearable cold has been there for eight months. At this time, even pour water on the ground, there will be no dirt, unless only if you make a fire … Such cold weather continues in those countries for eight months, and the remaining four months are not warm”(Herodotus, Book IV). He was also surprised by the clodlessness of cattle in this region, while for the northern regions this is normal.

Here is another testimony of Herodotus: “In the north of Europe, apparently, there is a lot of gold. How it is mined there, I also cannot say for sure. According to the legend, he was kidnapped from vultures by one-eyed people-Arimasps”(Herodotus, Book IV). Herodotus and later authors - Pseudo-Hippocrates, Dionysius, Eustathius, Virgil, Pliny - certainly connect the Ripean Mountains with the legendary country of Hyperborea.

Hyperborea is called by ancient authors the birthplace of the sun god Apollo. There, according to legend, he flies every 19 years on his celestial chariot to visit his mother, the goddess Leto.

And if you think about it. Than the country of Hyperboreans so attracted the attention of the ancient Greeks. How did it stand out for them among tens and hundreds of other peripheral countries? Why did the gods come to Greece from Hyperborea? Why do the Greeks worship not their own, but alien gods? It is clear if this is done by a backward and uncivilized people, but the Greeks? Why do their main characters perform their greatest feats on the territory of a very, very distant country. Why, in order to perform the next great feat, the Greek heroes Hercules and Perseus each time go to distant Hyperborea? Why, as a reward for their exploits, they are awarded the epithets - Heracles Hyperborean, Perseus Hyperborean, Hermes Hyperborean, Prometheus Hyperborean, etc.? Why do the souls of the departed favorites of the gods go to rest in the lands of the Hyperboreans? Where did the Greeks get the knowledge of the geography of such a distant country, which they had never been to?

Alkman (VII century BC). The earliest of the ancient Greek poets.

"Ripa's mountain covered with forest, chest of black night".

Bacchilides (505 - 450 c. BC). Greek poet.

Olympic song, 3, "Croesus"

"The Delian Phoebus takes the pets to rest in the lands of the Hyperboreans."

Isn't Hyperborea so dear to the Greeks because it is their Motherland, the country where their ancestors once came from? Then their nostalgia is understandable. The abundance of evidence and the authority of eyewitnesses do not allow doubting its existence. Judge for yourself.

Hecateus of Pontus (IV century BC).

Plut. Camill., 22, 2

"Rome was captured by an army that came from the country of the Hyperboreans."

And this is no longer a joke. Such messages are taken seriously.

Other evidence abounds in details that point to the reality of this country:

Clement of Alexandria (150 - 215 AD). Early Christian theologian and writer, founder of speculative theology.

I, 15, 72: About the Hyperboreans, Gellanicus tells that they live above the Ripaean mountains and that they learn justice, not eating meat, but eating tree fruits;

IV, 26, 172: "The Hyperborean and Arimaspian cities and the Champs Elysees are the abode of the righteous …".

Scholias to the "Exhortatory speech to the Hellenes", II, 29: "The Hyperboreans are a Scythian tribe … they sacrifice donkeys to Apollo."

Arimasps and Scythians are no longer some mythical peoples. The proximity of the Hyperborean and Arimaspian cities, the Champs Elysees, the Ripean Mountains and Scythia allows us to determine their geographical position. Ancient authors, in addition to colorful descriptions of the Ripean Mountains, left us maps with their images. A large mountain range, depicted by Hecateus of Miletus, Hesiod, Eratosthenes, Agrippa, Ptolemy.

The Ripeysko-Hyperborean mountains were depicted on maps up to the 16th century. On medieval European maps, compiled on the basis of Greek sources, there are explanations: "The stone belt is the ancient Hyperborean mountains." Medieval geographers, like the ancient Greeks themselves, did not doubt this and confidently identified the Hyperborean Mountains with the Ural Mountains. Mentions of the mythical mountains have been noted for 3000 years, which gives no reason to consider them an empty invention.

Despite the scant information of wiki historians writing about Hyperborea, the ancient world had extensive ideas and important details about the life and customs of the Hyperboreans. It was here, as Aeschylus writes: “at the end of the earth,” “in the deserted wilderness of the wild Scythians” - by order of Zeus, the rebellious Prometheus was chained to a rock: despite the prohibition of the Gods, he gave people fire, revealed the secret of the movement of stars and luminaries, taught the art of addition letters, farming and sailing. In other words: "The foundations of civilization were laid in Hyperborea-Scythia." But the land where Prometheus was tormented by a dragon-like vulture until he was freed by Hercules (who received the epithet of Hyperborean for this) was not always so deserted and homeless.

The Hellenic Sun God Apollo, born in Hyperborea and receiving one of his main epithets from his place of birth, constantly visited his distant homeland and the ancestral home of almost all Mediterranean peoples. Apollo (like his sister Artemis) - the children of Zeus from his first wife, the Titanide Leto - are unambiguously associated with Hyperborea. According to the testimony of ancient authors and the conviction of the ancient Greeks and Romans, Apollo not only periodically returned to Hyperborea in a chariot drawn by swans, but the Hyperboreans themselves-northerners constantly came to Hellas with gifts in honor of their God Apollo. Apollo's sister, Goddess Artemis, is also inextricably linked with Hyperborea. Apollodorus (1, 1U, 5) paints her as the intercessor of the Hyperboreans. The Hyperborean affiliation of Artemis is also mentioned in the most ancient ode of Pindar, dedicated to Heracles of Hyperborean. According to Pindar, Hercules reached Hyperborea in order to accomplish another feat - to get the golden-horned "Cyrene" Doe: "He reached the lands behind the icy Boreas."

Latona's daughter is there, The quickening horse

Met him

Who came to take

From the gorges and winding bowels of Arcadia (the region of Hyperborea. Auth.)

By the decree of Eurystheus, by the fate of his father

Golden-horned doe …

The Greeks reported that high morals, art, religious and esoteric beliefs and various crafts, necessary to meet the needs of the country, flourished in Hyperborea. Agriculture, animal husbandry, weaving, construction, mining, leather, woodworking industries were developed.

What conclusions can be drawn from the myths about Hyperborea and the Ripean Mountains to identify their geographical location?

1. It should be understood that the Ripean and Hyperborean mountains are one and the same geographical feature. Currently, the Ural Mountains. Ripa, in Ukrainian - this is "turnip", according to paleobotanists, the first plant cultivated on the planet, endemic to the Urals and Siberia. The Ripean mountains are the Repov mountains, where the turnip was domesticated, where agriculture (truck farming) was invented, where the transition from an appropriating economy to a producing one was made (which is reflected in the myths of Hyperborea), where civilization was built.

2. On the approaches to Hyperborea there is an area with a strong, constant cold wind and thick fogs. This is the wind pole in Dalniy Taganai (South Urals), discovered by V. I. at the end of the 19th century. He proposed to create a weather station there. Meteorological station Taganai-gora, opened on the initiative of V. I. Vernadsky, worked until recently. Now a detachment of mine rescuers is based there. Clear weather is rare here. On average, for almost 240 days in the Far Taganai, fogs reign sung in ancient Greek myths for almost 240 days. The average annual wind speed here is 10, 5 meters per second, and on some days over 50 meters per second. There are such places on the border of the mainland and the ocean. But on the continent of Eurasia itself, there are no such places anymore. This is the kingdom of Boreas.

3. In Hyperborea there is the Kronid Sea - Lake Turgoyak, the only sea-lake of meteorite origin in the Urals. In the Kronid Sea there is the island "Astera" - the island of Vera, where Apollo and Artemis, the gods from ancient Greek myths, were born, where Kronos, the father of Zeus and other gods, was buried in the tomb.

4. In the Ripeyskiy-Uralskiy mountains, two regions were located nearby - with a harsh and mild fertile climate. An area with a mild, fertile climate is the Miass gold-bearing valley with uninterrupted gold mining over the past 300 years, where even potatoes ripen 2-3 weeks earlier than just 30 kilometers west, in the mountainous zone, near Taganai.

5. Hyperborean - Ural mountains stretched to the polar latitudes. The parents and progenitors of the ancient Greek gods lived in the Ripean mountains, in Hyperborea. Consequently, the Pragraks themselves lived there and had a common proto-language, a common pro-religion and a common pro-culture with the Hyperboreans.

6. The Ocean River - seemed to the ancient Greeks as a water area connecting the Caspian Sea and the Arctic Ocean with the transfer of boats on Mount Olympus, on the icy Aquilon (from aqua-water, bosom channel). The Ocean River united the channels of the Volga, Kama, Belaya, Ai and the Ob, Tobol, Iset, Uy, Miass rivers. It was on this Ocean in Hyperborea that the "Kronid Sea surrounded by the mainland was located in a ring." Lake Turgoyak is located in the Miass Valley and is connected by a small channel with the Miass River (Ocean River).

The analysis of geographical indications using the methods of comparative mythology based on the linguistic theory and the theory of the Neolithic revolution, images on old maps and direct textual explanations make it possible to confidently identify the Hyperborean Mountains with the Ural Mountains. This is also indicated by archaeological finds confirming that all the basic inventions of the Neolithic revolution were made in the South Urals. These are agriculture (domestication of turnips), animal husbandry (domestication of cattle), domestication of horses, metallurgy of copper, bronze and iron, invention of the wheel and chariot, the first ceramics in Europe, as a continuous tradition, and others. Technical and historical details indicate that the most ancient Greek myths tell about the events of the Great Neolithic Revolution, about the most striking event in the history of mankind, about the construction of civilization on the lands of the Borean (Nostratic) linguistic community (Borean tribal union) in the South Urals, in Hyperborea.