Retired goat drummer

2024 Author: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 15:55

In the summer of 6497 … Volodimer thought to create the Church of the Most Holy Theotokos and sent the masters from the Greeks.

- "The Tale of Bygone Years"

"Retired Goat Drummer". So in the 19th century they called people without a certain kind of activity, and sometimes just small or forgotten people who somehow feed on some random and useless things. Where did this comic concept come from? Before the revolution, in the wilderness, one could see a wandering troupe or beggars: a guide with a learned bear showing various "tricks", or a "goat" - a man on whose head a rough resemblance of a goat's head from a sack was fastened, and a "drummer", most often from retired soldiers who drummed to call the "audience" to the show.

And yet, this was not always the case. Pre-Romanov Russia took care of its soldiers and where they would lay their heads when, having served for many years, faithfully and faithfully to the Russian state, whether in old age, due to injuries or other infirmities, they would go on an honorable rest. I already wrote earlier that the Romanovs not only usurped the power of the Russian-Horde emperors, but also changed the entire worldview of the Russian man, his attitude to his neighbor, to the veteran and the warrior. By introducing recruiting, they enslaved the peasants and drove slaves into the army, who could feel like soldiers only if they were commanded by Suvorov and Nakhimov, Kutuzov and Bagration, Ushakov and other generals who hated to own their own kind. However, there were few of them, for a shushara of fugitive mercenaries who came in large numbers from Livonia, with rare exceptions, began to humiliate and rob the Russian soldier, making him a brainless beast, using sticks and gauntlets in the education of a defender.

That is why Russia in the formidable era was nominated by the generals of the people, capable of captivating a soldier with her personal example and patriotism.

However, a lot has been written about this, but not a single author wrote about the principle of recruiting the troops of Great Tartary, Russia, the Horde, as I recall. For the first time I met the truthful words about it from Academician Nosovsky.

How was the army of Russia completed at that time?

The bulk of the troops was the horde. This word meant a large military formation, and not a Tatar-Mongol invasion, which never happened in Russia. The horde relied on the Cossack units and a huge number of horses in the central steppe zone of the country. From then on, the horde was mobile and moved depending on the scarcity of provisions for the horses. It was the Cossacks who conquered vast territories on three continents and even on the fourth, the black continent. This was the so-called army, where the princes were summoned, for demanding their deeds, in those places for which the princes received, in the same horde, a label for reigning. The Horde troops were subordinate to the Grand Duke, Khan, Tsar, who was called emperor in western Europe. The rate of the latter was constantly changing, mainly within the cities of the Golden Ring of Russia or otherwise in Novgorod (the aggregate of these cities), until finally, during the time of Dmitry Donskoy, it moved to Moscow. It was the Horde rulers who sent imperial troops on punitive expeditions against the rebellious vassals and skillfully pushed their subjects together with their foreheads. Confessing the principle of "divide and rule", acting on the side of one or the other of his governor and sowing confusion between them.

In addition to the sedentary Cossack class, which fed on the land given to it for use, there was another army - recruit or tithe. Such was recruited from among those who were taken on a tithe set for life service, that is, every tenth of the male population. These are the so-called warriors of the tithe recruitment who were kept by paying the tithe tax, the village or city from which the soldiers went to serve.

There were also third warriors of that time. These are city Cossacks and archers. The former were kept by the appanage prince for protection, and the latter fed themselves, at the expense of the trade given to them for feeding. As a rule, the archers were townspeople or suburban people.

Since there were a great many tithe soldiers and they, as a rule, had nowhere to lay their heads in their old age after their service, unlike other servicemen who had a household, the command of the horde came up with a way out that perfectly characterizes the spirit of that time and care not only for the veteran. but also about his soul.

It was during the time of the great Horde-Slavic conquest of the world that almost all monasteries known today were massively built in Russia. This is another proof that there was no conquest of Russia by foreigners and that what is called an invasion is nothing more than the formation of a mighty state and its armed forces. It is the monasteries that become the place of settlement for retired military men, cripples of numerous battles, honored veterans of the horde who do not have shelter over their heads, families and offspring. So they will become the first monks of Russia, and the surrounding villages, later called monastic ones, will be obliged to maintain monks. To define life in monasteries, a charter is introduced similar to the one that was in the army. The presence of the temple allowed the soldiers to atone for the sins they had committed during the service and honorably end their days surrounded by the brethren.

Russia knew a huge number of monastic statutes, they were composed by abbots, bishops, church teachers, who established monasteries. But the most important role in the development of cenobitic monasticism was played by the Jerusalem and Studite statutes.

The Jerusalem charter (the charter of the Monk Sava the Sanctified, written for the monastery he founded) largely regulated the order of divine services, although it describes the monastic traditions of the 6th century Palestinian monasteries. The creation of the Jerusalem Rite was influenced by the monastic rules of the Monk Pachomius and Saint Basil the Great. The original copy of the Jerusalem charter, according to Simeon of Thessaloniki, burned down in 614 when Jerusalem was captured by the Persian king Khosrow.

The Studite charter (the charter of the Monk Theodore the Studite, written for the Studite monastery), in contrast to the Jerusalem charter, resembles the staffing table, describing in detail the responsibilities for monastic positions and obediences. Also, a feature of the Studian charter in comparison with the Jerusalem one is that it was written for monks living in a city monastery under the leadership of one abbot (Savva the Sanctified wrote his charter for monks who lived in scattered caves-cells and gathered together in a church only for joint worship). The full text of the Studian charter was written down at the end of the 10th - beginning of the 11th century, until that time there were only short monastic "Inscriptions".

The Studite charter was introduced in Russia by the Monk Theodosius of the Caves in the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra. It was used in Russia until the XIV century, when it was supplanted by the Jerusalem charter, which became widespread in the East.

Statement about that. that the Tithe Church of Kiev was built on 10 of the income of Vladimir the Baptist is not true. Yes! He gave a tenth of the income, but not his own, but the society, which built this military temple, near which the monks, retired warriors of the horde, fed. Whether a prince, a soldier or a craftsman, were obliged to give tithes for the maintenance of the horde - the army of the Great Russian Empire.

The most striking example of that time is the Grand Duke Alexander Nevsky. Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky (Old Russian. Oleksandr Yaroslavich, May 13, 1221 (2), Pereslavl-Zalessky - November 14, 1263, Gorodets) - Prince of Novgorod (1236-1240, 1241-1252 and 1257-1259), Grand Duke of Kiev (1249-1263), Grand Duke Vladimir (1252-1263), the famous Russian commander, Alexy in monasticism.

Of the other monks, the most famous are Peresvet and Oslyabya.

By the way, the word monk is translated from Greek as lonely. With the introduction of a single foria for monks, the Russians began to call them monks. In the drafts, which appeared at about the same time as the monks, the widows of the soldier, who were left without a breadwinner, were taken. Their children were taken up by the brethren and prepared them for service in the princely regiments or as clergymen, clerks and other sovereign ranks.

Monks of Catholicism and other religions, a completely different phenomenon with different roots and philosophy. But I have no desire to talk about them, in view of the low interest in this topic.

The Moscow Kremlin was also a monastery, where the role of hegumen was played by the Tsar himself, who is also the high priest of Russia. In the Kremlin there were both male and female monasteries in which the Russian tsars and tsaritsa ended their lives. And although they were all Romans, that is, the descendants of the Byzantine Basileus and the emperor-pharaohs of the First Rome, they all accepted the Russian reality and this step allowed them to create a huge multinational power with an invincible army. And only betrayal, crime, bribery and forgery of faith were able to break this system during the Great Troubles (Reformation in the West), as a result of which the Great Slavic Empire collapsed, and the states of Livonia-Europe gained independence. The Romanovs, who did not remember their kinship to the Lutherans, sat on the throne of the Ruriks, who turned honest and honored veterans into “retired goats of drummers”.

By the way, this expression, contrary to the logic of the Russian language, was invented by the German woman Catherine II, who wrote one of her plays, which left no trace in literature.

The golden age of Russia is not the time of the reign of a German woman who, with the hands of her favorites, began to collect the lands squandered by her predecessors. The Golden Age, this is exactly the time when, according to the historians of the Scaligerian school, there was a Tatar-Mongol invasion in Russia and the "conquerors" were strenuously building monasteries for their soldiers, as a place of their solitude and rest.

The creator of this structure was the Grand Duke Georgy Danilovich, later named the Victorious and canonized by the Russian Church. And he was also called Genghis Khan. And he was the brother of Batu - Ivan Danilovich Kalita. So let us bow to them for their faith and love for Russia, for the courageous heart and glory of our Motherland.