Small nuclear winter, 1815-1816

2024 Author: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 15:55

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Nuclear strikes of the recent past

I had a dream … not everything in him was a dream

Dark (excerpts)

I had a dream … Not everything in him was a dream.

The bright sun went out, and the stars

Wandering aimlessly, without beams

In eternal space; icy ground

Was flying blindly in the moonless air.

The hour of the morning taught and passed, But he did not bring the day with him …

… The people lived before the lights; thrones, Palaces of crowned kings, huts, The dwellings of all who have dwellings -

They made fires … cities burned …

… The inhabitants of those countries were happy

Where torches of volcanoes blazed …

The whole world lived with one timid hope …

The forests were set on fire; but every hour goes out

And the charred forest fell; trees

Suddenly they collapsed with a menacing crash …

… The war broke out again, Extinguished for a while …

… Terrible hunger

Tormented people …

And people quickly died …

And the world was empty;

That crowded world, mighty world

Was a dead mass, without grass, trees

Without life, time, people, movement …

That was the chaos of death.

They say that Lord Byron put these images on paper in the summer of 1816 at the villa of the English writer Mary Shelley in Switzerland near Lake Geneva. Their friends were with them. Due to the extremely bad weather, it was often impossible to leave the house. Therefore, they decided that everyone would write a terrible story, which they would then read to each other. Mary Shelley wrote her famous story "Frankenstein, or Modern Prometheus", Lord Byron's physician John Polidori wrote "Vampyr" - the first story about vampires, long before Bram Stoker's novel "Dracula" appeared.

This is the generally accepted dressy version. Describing events in Western Europe, we are always poured caramel on the brain and sprinkle with icing along the way. The writers, you know, had a rest in the summer on the lake. It was mundane and boring, bad weather did not allow playing badminton, and they began to tell each other tales from the crypt. That's it - the topic was closed.

But the topic is not closed! Byron had no vision problems and should have seen what was happening around him in 1816. And what happened, in general, is exactly what he described, adjusted for the poetic imagination. And in general, Mary Shelley and her friends in their country house at that time could only hide from the catastrophe that befell Europe, taking with them more food supplies of salt, matches and kerosene.

1816 year named "A year without summer" … In the US, he was also nicknamed Eighteen hundred and frozen to death, which translates as "eighteen hundred and frozen to death." Scientists call this time the "Little Ice Age".

Beginning in the spring of 1816, all over the world, especially in the northern hemisphere, where civilization was mainly concentrated, unexplained phenomena were happening. It seemed that the familiar from the Bible "Egyptian executions" fell on the heads of the people. In March 1816, the temperature continued to be winter. In April and May there was an unnatural lot of rain and hail, a sudden frost destroyed most of the crops in the United States, in June two giant snowstorms led to the death of people in july and in august rivers frozen by ice were noted even in Pennsylvania (south of the latitude of Sochi). During june and july in America every night was freezing … Up to a meter of snow fell in New York and the northeastern United States. At the height of summer, the temperature jumped from 35 degrees of heat to almost zero during the day.

Germany was repeatedly plagued by strong storms, many rivers (including the Rhine) overflowed their banks. In starving Switzerland, snow fell every month (to the delight of our "resting" writers), even a state of emergency was declared there. Hunger riots swept across Europe, crowds thirsty for bread smashed grain warehouses. The unusual cold led to a catastrophic crop failure. As a result, in the spring of 1817, grain prices increased tenfold, and famine broke out among the population. Tens of thousands of Europeans, who were still suffering from the devastation of the Napoleonic Wars, emigrated to America. But even there the situation was not much better. Nobody could understand or explain anything. Throughout the "civilized" world, hunger, cold, panic and despondency reigned. In a word - "Dark".

It turns out that Byron had a wealth of practical material for his poem.

Perhaps it will seem to someone that the poet has exaggerated the colors too much. But this, if only a person is unfamiliar with real animal hunger, when you feel that life is leaving your body drop by drop. But I really want to survive, and then the gaze begins to meticulously evaluate any surrounding objects for the object of somehow eating it. When you begin to feel every bone of your skeleton, and you wonder how light and thin they are. But all this is after endless severe headaches and aches in every joint. Most often, at such moments, the lofty, moral, human falls asleep and the animal remains. Emaciated creatures, in whose eyes there is no light of reason, unnaturally move along the dark dirty streets. Every hunter or prey. The world around seems to fade and turn gray. However, read Byron.

So, there was famine in Europe … That is, not just malnutrition, but real HUNGER … Were coldthat can only be defeated with food and fire, fire and food. Add to this the filth, disease, and stratification of society. Most of the poor are robbed, who practically did not eat, and the rich, who tried to hold out as long as possible on their reserves (for example, escaping to a country house). So, judging by the well-known facts about Western Europe in 1816, the picture is very bleak.

The question arises: a what actually happened? The first plausible scientific version on this matter appeared only 100 years later. American climate researcher William Humphreys found an explanation "A year without summer" … He linked climate change to the eruption of the Tambora volcano on the Indonesian island of Sumbawa. This hypothesis is now generally accepted in the scientific world. It's simple. A volcano explodes, throws 150 cubic kilometers of soil into the stratosphere, and, supposedly, the necessary atmospheric phenomena are obtained. Dust, sun does not penetrate, etc. Only here is an interesting table:

Table I. Comparison of individual volcanic eruptions
Eruptions	The country	Location	Year	Height columns (km)	Scale volcanic eruptions	The average temperature drop (° C)	The death toll
Huaynaputina	Peru	Pacific ring of fire	1600	46	6	−0, 8	≈1.400
Tambora	Indonesia	Pacific ring of fire	1815	43	7	−0, 5	>71.000
Krakatoa	Indonesia	Pacific ring of fire	1883	36	6	−0, 3	36.600
Santa maria	Guatemala	Pacific ring of fire	1902	34	6	no changes noticed	7.000-13.000
Katmay	USA, Alaska	Pacific ring of fire	1912	32	6	−0, 4	2
Saint Helens	USA, Washington	Pacific ring of fire	1980	19	5	no changes noticed	57
El Chichon	Mexico	Pacific ring of fire	1982	32	4-5	?	>2.000
Nevado del Ruiz	Colombia	Pacific ring of fire	1985	27	3	no changes noticed	23.000
Pinatubo	Philippines	Pacific ring of fire	1991	34	6	−0, 5	1.202

According to this table, after the eruption of Mount Pinatubo in 1991, the temperature dropped by the same 0.5 degrees as after the eruption of Tambora in 1815. We should have observed approximately the same phenomena throughout the northern hemisphere in 1992, which are described as "A year without summer" … However, there was nothing of the kind. And if you compare with other eruptions, you can see that they did not always coincide with climatic anomalies. The hypothesis is bursting at the seams. This is the “white thread” with which she is sewn.

And here's another oddity. In 1816, the climate problem happened precisely “ throughout the Northern Hemisphere . But Tambora is located in the southern hemisphere, 1000 km from the equator. The fact is that in the Earth's atmosphere at altitudes over 20 km (in the stratosphere) there are stable air currents along the parallels. The dust, ejected into the stratosphere at an altitude of 43 km, was supposed to be distributed along the equator with a shift of the dust belt to the southern hemisphere. What does the USA and Europe have to do with it?

Egypt, Central Africa, Central America, Brazil and, finally, Indonesia itself were supposed to freeze. But the climate there was very good. Interestingly, just at this time, in 1816, in Costa Rica, which is located about 1000 km north of the equator, coffee began to be grown. The reason for this was: “… the perfect alternation of rainy and dry seasons. And, constant temperature throughout the year, which has a beneficial effect on the development of coffee bushes …"

And their business, you know, went well. That is, several thousand kilometers north of the equator was prosperity … But further - a full "pipe". How is it interesting to know that 150 cubic kilometers of erupted soil jumped 5 … 8 thousand kilometers from the southern hemisphere to the northern, at an altitude of 43 kilometers, in defiance of all longitudinal stratospheric currents, without spoiling the weather for the inhabitants of Central America? But all its terrible, scattering photons, impenetrability, this dust fell on Europe and North America.

William Humphreys, founder of this scientific duck, we probably will not answer anything, but modern climatologists are obliged to mumble something about this. After all, until now, none of them openly denied gross scientific error, then we agree. Moreover, they are well aware of stratospheric currents, and even build quite tolerable models for the development of such situations. For example, there are forecasts of a nuclear winter, where the direction of propagation of stratospheric flows is clearly visible. True, for some reason it says about the smoke thrown into the stratosphere, which is wrong. In a nuclear explosion, it is the dust that is thrown out (just like a volcano).

But the strangest thing about this worldwide swindle is the role of Russia. Even if you live half your life in archives and libraries, you will not find a word about the bad weather in the Russian Empire in 1816. We supposedly had a normal harvest, the sun was shining and the grass was green. We probably do not live in the Southern or Northern Hemisphere, but in some third one.

Let's check ourselves for sobriety. It's about time, for we are facing a huge optical illusion … So, hunger and cold in Europe in 1816 … 1819 was! This fact, confirmed by many written sources. Could this have bypassed Russia? It could, if the case concerned only the western regions of Europe. But in this case, one would definitely have to forget about the volcanic hypothesis. After all, the stratospheric dust pulls along the parallels around the entire planet.

And, besides, the tragic events in North America are covered no less fully than in Europe. But they are still separated by the Atlantic Ocean. What locality can we talk about here? The event clearly affected the entire northern hemisphere, including Russia … The option when North America and Europe froze and starved in a row for 3 years, and Russia did not even notice the difference, is possible only under the auspices of N. V. Levashov. (see the article "The Taming of the Shrew"), which, probably, we will soon observe. But at that moment there was no need to talk about Levashov.

Thus, from 1816 to 1819, the cold really reigned throughout the northern hemisphere, including Russia, no matter what anyone said. Scientists confirm this and call the first half of the 19th century "Little ice age" … And here's an important question: who will suffer the most from the 3-year cold, Europe or Russia? Of course, Europe will cry louder, but Russia will suffer the most. And that's why. In Europe (Germany, Switzerland), the time of summer plant growth reaches 9 months, and in Russia - about 4 months. This means that we were not only 2 times less likely to grow sufficient reserves for the winter, but also 2, 5 times more likely to die of hunger over a longer winter. And if in Europe the population suffered, then in Russia the situation was 4 times worse, and in terms of mortality as well. This, if you do not take into account any magic. Well, what if?..

I offer readers a magical scenario. Suppose the existence of a wizard who twisted his staff and changed the movement of high-altitude winds so that the sun would not block us. But this option does not convince me myself. No, I believe in good wizards, but in foreigners who, in tens of thousands, have fled across the ocean, instead of calmly coming and staying in Russia, where it is so good, where they are always welcome, I do not believe.

Apparently, after all, Russia was much worse than Europe. Moreover, it was our territory that was probably the source of climatic troubles for the entire hemisphere. And to hide this (someone needed it), all references to this were removed, or reworked.

But if you think sensibly, how could this be? The entire northern hemisphere suffers from climatic anomalies and does not know what is the matter. The first scientific version appears only 100 years later, and that does not stand up to criticism. But the cause of the events must be located precisely at our latitudes. And if this reason is not observed in America and Europe, then where can it be if not in Russia? Nowhere else. And then the Russian Empire pretends that it does not know what it is about at all. And we did not see, and did not hear, and in general we are all right. Familiar behavior, and very suspicious.

However, one should take into account missing the estimated population of Russia in the 19th century, estimated in tens, and maybe hundreds of millions. They could die both from the very unknown cause that caused climate change, and from severe consequences in the form of hunger, cold and disease. And also let's not forget about the traces of widespread large-scale fires that destroyed our forests around that time (for more details, see the article "I understand your age-old sadness"). As a result, the expression "age-old spruce" (hundred-year-old) bears an imprint of rare antiquity, although the normal lifespan of this tree 400 … 600 years … And the numerous craters, identical to the traces of the explosions of nuclear weapons, can be ignored for the time being, since it is not possible to accurately establish their age (see the article "A nuclear strike on us has already occurred").

There is no doubt that on the territory of Russia in 1815-1816 took place some eventswho plunged the entire "civilized world" into darkness. But what could it be? The scientific community is not in vain leaning towards the volcanic version. After all, the numerous atmospheric phenomena that accompanied the "Little Ice Age" indicate the pollution of the stratosphere with a large amount of dust. And only a volcano or a powerful nuclear explosion (a series of explosions) can throw several cubic kilometers of dust to a height of more than 20 kilometers. The use of nuclear weapons before 1945 - taboo … Therefore, only the volcano remained for scientists. In the absence of a more suitable volcano, the Indonesian Tambora was appointed to this position.

But scientists know that the processes of soil ejection accompanying a ground nuclear explosion are very close to volcanic ones, and they did not hesitate to calculate that the eruption of Tambora corresponded in power the explosion of an 800-megaton nuclear charge.

Today we have every reason to subtract ourselves with the statement that territory of Russia in 1815-1816 became a testing ground for grandiose events, accompanied by the release of large amounts of dust into the stratosphere, plunging the entire northern hemisphere into darkness and cold for 3 years. Scientists call it "Little ice age", but you can say in another way - "Small nuclear winter" … This resulted in large casualties among our population and probably severely undermined the economy. It is also important to know that Someone really bothered to hide it …

Alexey Artemiev, Izhevsk

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