The light bulb burns against the laws of physics

2024 Author: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 15:55

The principles of operation of light bulbs seem to us so clear and obvious that almost no one thinks about the mechanics of their work. Nevertheless, this phenomenon hides a huge mystery, which has not yet been fully resolved.

First, a foreword about how this article came to be.

About five years ago, I registered on some student forum and published an article there about what mistakes our academic science makes in interpreting many basic provisions, how these mistakes are corrected by alternative science, and how academic science fights against the alternative, sticking a label to it pseudoscience”and accusing him of all mortal sins. My article hung in the public domain for about 10 minutes, after which it was thrown into the sump. I was immediately sent to an indefinite ban and forbidden to appear with them. A few days later, I decided to register with other student sites to try again with the publication of this article. But it turned out that I was already on the black list on all these sites and my registration was denied. As far as I understand, there is an exchange of information about unwanted persons between student forums and being blacklisted on one site means an automatic flight from all others.

Then I decided to go to the Kvant magazine, which specializes in popular science articles for schoolchildren and university students. But since in practice this magazine is still more oriented towards the school audience, the article had to be greatly simplified. I threw out everything about pseudoscience from there and left only a description of one physical phenomenon and gave it a new interpretation. That is, the article has turned from a technical journalistic to a purely technical one. But I didn’t wait for any answer from the editorial office to my request. And before, the answer from the editorial offices of magazines always came to me, even if the editorial board rejected my article. From this I concluded that in the editorial office I am also on the black list. So my article never saw the light of day.

Five years have passed. I decided to contact the Kvant editorial office again. But five years later, there was no response to my request. This means that I am still on their blacklist. Therefore, I decided not to fight with windmills anymore, and publish an article here on the site. Of course, it's a pity that the overwhelming majority of schoolchildren will not see it. But here I can’t do anything. So, here's the article itself….

Why is the light on?

Probably, there is no such settlement on our planet where there will be no electric bulbs. Large and small, fluorescent and halogen, for pocket torches and powerful military searchlights - they have become so firmly embedded in our lives that they have become as familiar as the air we breathe. The principles of operation of light bulbs seem to us so clear and obvious that almost no one thinks about the mechanics of their work. Nevertheless, this phenomenon hides a huge mystery, which has not yet been fully resolved. Let's try to solve it ourselves.

Let us have a pool with two pipes, through one of which water flows into the pool, through the other it pours out of it. Let's assume that 10 kilograms of water enter the pool every second, and in the pool itself, 2 of these ten kilograms is magically converted into electromagnetic radiation and thrown out. Question: how much water will leave the pool through another pipe? Probably, even a first grader will answer that it will take 8 kilograms of water per second.

Let's change the example a little. Let there be electric wires instead of pipes, and an electric light bulb instead of a pool. Consider the situation again. One wire into a light bulb contains, say, 1 million electrons per second. If we believe that part of this million is converted into light radiation and emitted from the lamp into the surrounding space, then fewer electrons will leave the lamp through the other wire. What will the measurements show? They will show that the electric current in the circuit does not change. Current is a flow of electrons. And if the electric current is the same in both wires, this means that the number of electrons leaving the lamp is equal to the number of electrons entering the lamp. And light radiation is a kind of matter that cannot come from a perfect void, but can only come from another kind. And if, in this case, light radiation cannot appear from electrons, then where does matter come from in the form of light radiation?

This phenomenon of the glow of an electric light bulb also conflicts with one very important law of elementary particle physics - the law of conservation of the so-called lepton charge. According to this law, an electron can disappear with the emission of a gamma quantum only in the reaction of annihilation with its antiparticle, a positron. But in a light bulb there can be no positrons as carriers of antimatter. And then we get literally a catastrophic situation: all the electrons entering the bulb through one wire leave the bulb through another wire without any annihilation reactions, but at the same time new matter appears in the bulb itself in the form of light radiation.

And here's another interesting effect associated with wires and lamps. Many years ago, the famous physicist Nikola Tesla performed a mysterious experiment on the transfer of energy through one wire, which was repeated in our time by the Russian physicist Avramenko. The essence of the experiment was as follows. We take the most ordinary transformer and connect it with the primary winding to an electric generator or network. One end of the secondary winding wire simply dangles in the air, we pull the other end to the next room and there we connect it to a bridge of four diodes with an electric light bulb in the middle. We apply voltage to the transformer and the light came on. But after all, only one wire stretches to it, and two wires are needed for the electrical circuit to work. At the same time, according to scientists investigating this phenomenon, the wire going to the light bulb does not heat up at all. It does not get so hot that any metal with a very high resistivity can be used instead of copper or aluminum, and it will still remain cold. Moreover, it is possible to reduce the thickness of the wire to the thickness of a human hair, and still the installation will work without problems and without generating heat in the wire. Until now, no one has been able to explain this phenomenon of energy transmission through one wire without any losses. And now I will try to give my explanation of this phenomenon.

There is such a concept in physics - physical vacuum. It should not be confused with a technical vacuum. Technical vacuum is synonymous with emptiness. When we remove all air molecules from the vessel, we create a technical vacuum. Physical vacuum is completely different, it is a kind of analogue of all-pervading matter or environment. All scientists working in this field do not doubt the existence of a physical vacuum, because its reality is confirmed by many well-known facts and phenomena. They argue about the presence of energy in it. Someone speaks of an extremely small amount of energy, others are inclined to think about an extremely huge amount of energy. It is impossible to give an exact definition of physical vacuum. But you can give an approximate definition through its characteristics. For example, this: the physical vacuum is a special all-pervading medium that forms the space of the Universe, generates matter and time, participates in many processes, has enormous energy, but is not visible to us due to the lack of the necessary sense organs and therefore seems to us emptiness. It should be especially emphasized: the physical vacuum is not emptiness, it only seems to be emptiness. And if you take this position, then a lot of riddles can be easily solved. For example, the riddle of inertia.

What is inertia is still not clear. Moreover, the phenomenon of inertia even contradicts the third law of mechanics: action is equal to reaction. For this reason, inertial forces sometimes even try to be declared illusory and fictitious. But if we fall under the influence of inertial forces in a sharply braked bus and get a bump on our forehead, how illusory and fictitious this bump will be? In reality, inertia arises as a reaction of the physical vacuum to our movement.

When we sit in the car and press on the gas, we begin to move unevenly (accelerated) and by this movement of the gravitational field of our body we deform the structure of the physical vacuum that surrounds us, giving it some energy. And the vacuum reacts to this by creating inertial forces that pull us back in order to leave us at rest and thereby eliminate the deformation introduced from it. To overcome the inertial forces, a lot of energy is required, which translates into high fuel consumption for acceleration. Further uniform motion does not affect the physical vacuum in any way, and therefore it does not create inertial forces, therefore, the fuel consumption for uniform motion is less. And when we start to slow down, we again move unevenly (slower) and again deform the physical vacuum with its uneven movement, and it again reacts to this by creating inertial forces that pull us forward to leave us in a state of uniform rectilinear motion when there is no vacuum deformation. But now we no longer transfer energy to the vacuum, but it gives it to us, and this energy is released in the form of heat in the brake pads of the car.

Such an accelerated-uniform-decelerated movement of the car is nothing more than a single cycle of oscillatory motion of low frequency and huge amplitude. At the stage of acceleration, energy is introduced into the vacuum, at the stage of deceleration, the vacuum gives up energy. And the most intriguing thing is that the vacuum can give off more energy than it previously received from us, because he himself possesses an enormous supply of energy. In this case, no violation of the law of conservation of energy occurs: how much energy the vacuum will give us, exactly the same amount of energy we will receive from it. But due to the fact that the physical vacuum seems to us to be emptiness, it will seem to us that energy arises from nowhere. And such facts of an apparent violation of the law of conservation of energy, when energy appears literally from emptiness, have long been known in physics (for example, at any resonance, such a huge energy is released that a resonating object can even collapse).

Circumferential movement is also a type of uneven movement, even at a constant speed, because in this case, the position of the velocity vector in space changes. Consequently, such a movement deforms the surrounding physical vacuum, which reacts to this by creating resistance forces in the form of centrifugal forces: they are always directed in such a way as to straighten the trajectory of movement and make it rectilinear when there is no vacuum deformation. And to overcome centrifugal forces (or to maintain the vacuum caused by rotation), you have to spend energy, which goes into the vacuum itself.

Now we can return to the phenomenon of the light bulb glow. For its operation, an electric generator must be present in the circuit (even if there is a battery, it was still once charged from the generator). The rotation of the rotor of the electric generator deforms the structure of the neighboring physical vacuum, centrifugal forces arise in the rotor, and the energy to overcome these forces leaves the primary turbine or other source of rotation into the physical vacuum. As for the movement of electrons in an electrical circuit, this movement occurs under the action of centrifugal forces created by a vacuum in a rotating rotor. When electrons enter the filament of a light bulb, they intensely bombard the ions of the crystal lattice, and they begin to vibrate sharply. In the course of such vibrations, the structure of the physical vacuum is deformed again, and the vacuum reacts to this by emitting light quanta. Since the vacuum itself is a kind of matter, the previously noted contradiction of the appearance of matter from nowhere is removed: one form of matter (light radiation) arises from another of its kind (physical vacuum). The electrons themselves in such a process do not disappear and do not transform into something else. Therefore, how many electrons enter the light bulb through one wire, exactly the same amount will come out through the other. Naturally, the energy of the quanta is also taken from the physical vacuum, and not from the electrons entering the filament. The very same energy of the electric current in the circuit does not change and remains constant.

Thus, for the luminescence of the lamp, not electrons themselves are needed, but sharp vibrations of the ions of the crystal lattice of the metal. The electrons are just a tool that makes the ions vibrate. But the tool can be replaced. And in the experiment with one wire, this is exactly what happens. In Nikola Tesla's famous experiment on the transmission of energy through one wire, such an instrument was the internal alternating electric field of the wire, which constantly changed its strength and thereby made the ions vibrate. Therefore, the expression “transfer of energy through one wire” in this case is not successful, even erroneous. No energy was transmitted through the wire, the energy was released in the bulb itself from the surrounding physical vacuum. For this reason, the wire itself did not heat up: it is impossible to heat an object if energy is not supplied to it.

As a result, a rather tempting prospect of a sharp decline in the cost of building power lines looms. First, you can get by with one wire instead of two, which immediately reduces capital costs. Secondly, instead of relatively expensive copper, you can use any of the cheapest metal, even rusty iron. Thirdly, you can reduce the wire itself to the thickness of a human hair, and leave the strength of the wire unchanged or even increase it by enclosing it in a sheath of durable and cheap plastic (by the way, this will also protect the wire from atmospheric precipitation). Fourthly, due to the reduction in the total weight of the wire, it is possible to increase the distance between the supports and thereby reduce the number of supports for the entire line. Is it realistic to do this? Of course it's real. There would be a political will of the leadership of our country, and scientists will not let you down.