At 22, she is a Hero of the Soviet Union. Hitler called her his personal enemy

2024 Author: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 15:55

It's about the legendary Soviet intelligence officer Nadezhda Troyan. Nadezhda Viktorovna Troyan was born on October 24, 1921 in the Belarusian town of Drissa, Vitebsk region, which later became Verkhnedvinsk.

Father - Victor Troyan - fought in the First World War, was a knight of the St. George Cross, and then received the profession of an accountant and worked in various industries.

Mother Evdokia Grigorievna ran the household. It is interesting that Troyan, translated from Belarusian, is a pitchfork with three prongs. According to the recollections of the scout's son, she was very proud of her Belarusian origin.

But in Belarus, Troyan did not live long as a child. Her parents went in search of work with their children - Nadia had a younger brother, Zhenya - all over the country, and the years were difficult. The family lived in Irkutsk and Kansk, Voronezh and Grozny. The girl constantly changed schools. And then the family settled for a while in Krasnoyarsk, where Nadya entered the school named after the 20th anniversary of the Komsomol.

She studied great, was an activist, loved hiking, was always surrounded by fans. It is interesting that Borya Galushkin studied in a parallel class with her - the same Boris Galushkin, with whom she will meet later, in the war.

Nadezhda received only A's, but in her senior year she once got a “pair” on an algebra test, although she made the right decision. It turned out that the new young mathematician had fallen in love with a girl and dreamed of individual extra lessons. Then Troyan's mother came to school for the first time and quickly put things in order.

The girl showed remarkable ability for languages and learned German as a native. Subsequently, it will be very useful to her.

Nadezhda graduated from school with a red certificate and could choose any university. She entered the sanitary and hygienic faculty of the 1st Moscow Medical Institute - the students of this faculty, in contrast to the "doctors", were provided with a hostel. But then she transferred to study in Minsk, where her father was offered a job at the Bolshevichka chocolate factory.

Here the war began, Minsk was occupied. At the place where they usually rested with fellow students, the Nazis organized a concentration camp.

Nadya came there with her friends and threw pieces of bread or rags soaked in water over the barbed wire so that the prisoners would quench their thirst.

The girls even, oddly enough, managed to organize several escapes from the camp.

Later, Nadezhda began to write and distribute leaflets. And in 1942 the family, in order to avoid theft to Germany, moved to the town of Smolevichi, 40 kilometers from Minsk, where Troyan was registered as an accountant in the office of the "Torfzavod".

She dreamed of establishing contact with the partisans and assumed that her friend, nurse Nyura Kosarevskaya, was involved in this movement. But Nyura did not "split".

Once Troyan accidentally overheard a conversation in German, from which it followed that the next day a punitive operation was scheduled to destroy the detachment. She urgently warned Nyura, and the detachment managed to escape. A week later, a friend told Troyan that the guerrillas wanted to meet with her.

The girl was to appear in a forest clearing, stand near an oak tree and whistle three times. But she didn’t know how to whistle, and took a police whistle with her. Nobody appeared for a long time: the partisans at first decided that it was policemen who were whistling. Then one of the fighters of the Tempest partisan detachment, which was part of the reconnaissance and sabotage Brigade of Uncle Kolya, and headed by senior major of state security Pyotr Grigorievich Lopatin, nevertheless came out to her.

As a result, the entire Troyan family joined the reconnaissance and sabotage "Uncle Kolya's Brigade". Nadina's mother cooked for the fighters, her father was "on the farm."Nadezhda, who got into the Tempest detachment, had a chance to fire a machine gun and participate in rail operations (for 2, 5 military years, Uncle Kolya's Brigade derailed 328 enemy echelons in Belarus, and in fact mines had to be installed under the very nose among the Nazis), carry out reconnaissance missions and provide medical assistance to the wounded.

In 1943, she met with the same Boris Galushkin. Troyan was crossing the river along the logs and suddenly saw that some young man was swinging them. She got angry, but suddenly she recognized him as Boris, who had been dropped as part of the OMSBON detachment in the very unit where Nadezhda was. In a year Galushkin will die …

In February of the same 1943, Stalin gave the order to destroy the Nazi governors in Ukraine and Belarus - Erich Koch and Wilhelm von Kube, respectively. The latter was known for his atrocities - over a couple of years of his rule in Belarus, 400 thousand people were killed.

In the Trostenets concentration camp alone, 206.5 thousand died, not to mention the victims of Khatyn. It was Cuba who said: “It is necessary that only the mention of one of my names would thrill a Russian and a Belarusian, so that their brains freeze when they hear 'Wilhelm Cuba'. I ask you, loyal subjects of the great Fuhrer, to help me with this."

The hunt for the criminal was conducted by more than ten different detachments - both from the special forces of the NKVD, from the intelligence department of the Red Army, and partisan detachments. There were many assassination attempts - explosions, poisoning, but in vain …

In the "Uncle Kolya's Brigade," Major of State Security Ivan Zolotar was assigned to lead the operation. It was decided to look for approaches to the mansion where Cuba lived. The situation in Minsk was then difficult, the streets were moved only with special passes, and thorough checks were carried out. The Cuba mansion was also closely guarded.

It was then that Troyan, who maintained contacts with members of the Minsk underground, was given a very dangerous order - to enter the house at any cost. However, the girl was often given the most difficult tasks - she had a special talent for gaining confidence in people and the ability to win them over to her. Plus the aforementioned brilliant knowledge of German and amazing, noted by all composure.

The scout moved to Minsk and established relations with Tatyana Kalita, a maid in the coveted mansion.

She pointed out to her Elena Mazannik, also a maid in the house - she was beautiful (and Cuba had a weakness for the female sex). Mazannik long treated Troyan with distrust and feared the consequences.

But then, at Troyan's request, she drew up a diagram of the location of the rooms in the mansion and provided her with other necessary information, which was transferred to the military intelligence unit "Uncle Dima's detachment."

Its participant Maria Osipova in September 1943 gave Mazannik an English magnetic mine with a clock mechanism, which she attached to the springs of the bed to Cuba. An explosion occurred at night.

Meanwhile, Troyan made her way into the cordoned off city with the second mine, which she hid in the cake. She was checked and searched, and nothing was found. Arriving at the place, the scout saw that there was a search for the one who carried out the attempt.

Troyan understood that it was necessary to get rid of the mine - the risk was too great, but the partisans lacked such English miniature mines, and she did not. She was lucky that the Slovaks, not the Germans, were standing at the exit from the city. Later they will join the squad.

It was after the murder of Cuba, in honor of which mourning was declared in Germany, that Hitler declared all the participants in the operation - Troyan, Mazannik and Osipova - his personal enemies.

The girls were first sent in a roundabout way to a distant farm, and then to the capital.

All those close to Troyan remained in the forest, her mother, Evdokia Grigorievna, was even awarded the medal "Partisan of the Great Patriotic War."

And on October 29, 1943, Nadezhda Troyan, Elena Mazanik and Maria Osipova were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. During the war, this title was given to only 87 women. Later, Nadezhda Troyan was also awarded the Orders of the Red Banner of Labor, the First Class of the Patriotic War, the Red Star, Friendship of Peoples and medals.

After the Victory, she again came to study at the Sechenov Institute, in 1947 she received a diploma, married the war correspondent Vasily Koroteev, who worked on the front line during the war years with Konstantin Simonov, gave birth to two sons, the youngest of whom, Alexey, later became a famous cardiac surgeon.

Later she became the vice-rector of her own institute, assistant professor of the department of hospital surgery. In 1961 she defended her thesis on "Reconstructive operations on the extrahepatic bile ducts", and in 1967 she headed the Central Research Institute of Health Education.

At the same time, she was attracted by both clinical and experimental surgery. Trojan has performed many operations on animals, practicing an apparatus for stapling and plastic bile duct.

However, even such a rich work was not enough for her - Troyan was actively involved in social activities, worked in the committees of war veterans and the defense of peace, from which she spoke abroad with reports.

And she was also the chairman of the Executive Committee of the Union of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies of the USSR, a member of the Council of the International Federation of Resistance Fighters, co-chairman of the International Organization for Health Education. And at least once a year she tried to visit her native Belarus.

Nadezhda Troyan died on September 7, 2011, at the age of 89. They buried her at the Troekurovsky cemetery. The name of the heroine was given to the capital's school number 1288, where her son studied, and last year on the building of the First Moscow Medical University. Sechenov, a memorial plaque was opened.