On a team of operas, to Sannikov's land

2024 Author: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 15:55

As for nature to me, to antiquity, When I'm full of burning jealousy

After all, you are in all her decoration

I saw the Muse of Far Wanderings.

(N. Gumilev)

A dream that was calling for itself, torn off the edge of the land, the hope of discovering the incredible, and endless faith in oneself, always moved restless hearts.

“Fight, seek, find and not give up” - this is the main mover of man, his path into the unknown, an attempt to realize himself and God himself. Happy are those who have made and are making discoveries, for the world of their perception of the world is deep and full of colors of life. That, in comparison with the flight of thought, all the wealth of the planet, if a person is given to comprehend more - the truth.

Wisdom comes over the years, but the exploration of the world is always with us and it is a tool of wisdom.

There is something fascinating about traveling. And it doesn't matter where they occur and how they are provided: the desire to see the world with your own eyes, to discover new lands and give them to humanity, is above all difficulties. The mystery attracts and asks for its own discovery, while demanding the maximum return of the forces and courage of the pioneer. Man aspires to distant and unexplored lands, searches for what the ancestors spoke about and, almost in despair, finds!

At one of the issues of the Naval Corps, Emperor Alexander III said that: “Whoever opens this invisible land will belong to him. Go for it, midshipman! The Tsar spoke about Sannikov Land!

Today, we know more about her from the movie that we fell in love with since childhood and the song about the moment. Few people have read the mesmerizing story of the greatest scientist Obruchev, and this film is based on his novel.

For the first time, about Sannikov Land as a separate land mass, the merchant Yakov Sannikov, who hunted foxes and mammoth bones on the northern shores of the Novosibirsk Islands, reported in 1811. He was an experienced polar explorer who had previously discovered the Stolbovoy and Faddeevsky islands. He expressed an opinion about the existence of a "vast land" to the north of Kotelny Island. According to the hunter, "high stone mountains" rose above the sea.

From that moment on, the Sannikov land attracted pioneers, scientists, writers, art workers, the military … And only the opera, have not yet been interested in this land. And as it turned out in vain.

The virtual OSG of the Qatar Commissioner, consisting of law enforcement officers from more than 100 countries of the world, was shocked by my proposal to start searching for Sannikov's land. Surprised exclamations on Skype, mocking comments on my idea, and some just twisted their fingers to their temples, did not stop me from promoting my idea. Years passed, and I collected material. And when there was enough of it to determine the existence of the problem, I re-laid my idea and materials on it, to our worthy collection.

This time the reaction became more moderate, however, no one knew where to start. And h offered to talk with Russian polar submariners and their records.

The testimony of some of them about the existence of the emerging and disappearing islands, brought in the ranks of operatives opposed to my idea, obvious confusion. People who could be trusted absolutely testified. Such sources of information in operational developments are referred to as "trustworthy".

a) living systems (people, animals, birds, plants, etc.);

b) technical systems (equipment, instruments, devices, apparatus, etc.).

The operational employee receives information, including confidential information, from a variety of sources, most of which a layman will simply not take into account. In practice, when collecting information, the most non-standard situations occur when information came from the most non-standard sources, at first glance, even unrealistic, which turned out to be the most important when checked. A situation is possible when a separate detail in itself does not mean anything, but in the chain of information passage, in the mutual assessment of events, it becomes the main evidence. The main carriers of information are always: people, documents, wireless and wired communications, electronic information processing systems, other monitored circumstances (behavior, results of events, conversations).

Operational information can be primary, verified (reliable), total (complete, exhaustive) or partial, current, specific, general or detailed, open (accessible), closed (secret, especially secret, confidential, for official use), evaluative, programmatic, direct and indirect. With all the mismatch in the characteristics of information or if it is available in sufficient volumes, the operational worker cannot neglect any additional information, no matter how initial or general.

It was these arguments that led my colleagues to the opinion that it is necessary to put an end to the long history with the Sannikov land, especially the existence of such a person as the industrialist Sannikov is confirmed by the Russian Geographical Society.

The opera made a stand, the search began.

The very first requests to the archives brought interesting information: Yakov Sannikovs were not alone, but TWO: grandfather (1749-1825) and grandson (1844-1908). Both bore the class category of subjects of the Russian Empire - "honorary foreigner".

Foreigners are a special category of subjects within the framework of the law of the Russian Empire, differing in rights and methods of government from the rest of the population of the empire. In everyday usage, the term was applied to all subjects of the Russian Empire of non-Slavic origin.

According to the "Code of Laws on Conditions" (Article 762), foreigners were divided into:

• Siberian foreigners;

• Samoyeds of the Arkhangelsk province;

• nomadic aliens of the Stavropol province;

• Kalmyks wandering in the Astrakhan and Stavropol provinces;

• Kyrgyz of the Inner Horde;

• foreigners from Akmola, Semipalatinsk, Semirechensk, Ural and Turgai regions;

• foreigners of the Turkestan Territory

• non-native population of the Transcaspian region;

• highlanders of the North Caucasus

• Jews.

The rights of the first seven categories of foreigners were determined by the "Regulations on foreigners", "Regulations on the administration of the Akmola, Semipalatinsk, Semirechensk, Ural and Turgai regions", "Provisional Regulations on the administration of the Transcaspian region", as well as a number of other documents and charters. The rights of Jews were determined by the Code of Laws on Conditions (Articles 767-816), as well as a number of other documents concerning them.

Thus, it was established that both Sannikovs belonged to Siberian foreigners and were YAKUT, who have no legends about the Onkilons, on the basis of which the version about the Sannikov land is based

The official version informs that the grandfather informed about the Sannikov Land in 1811, on the basis of his participation in the expedition of the exiled Riga Swede M. M.

We checked this version and established the following: Sannikov, in his letter to the Geographical Society, did not claim that he Saw land, but only assumed its presence north of the Novosibirsk Islands, arguing this with his observations of migratory birds - polar geese and other north, and in the fall returning with offspring. Since the birds could not live in the icy desert, it was suggested to them that the Sannikov Land located in the north is rich and fertile, and the birds fly there. Sannikov does not mention any mountains that he supposedly saw from the island of New Siberia, or the lost people of the Onkilons.

However, he refers to his fellow Yakuts, who saw 4 mesas in the north and that Onkilons exist in Yakut legends. There is an obvious discrepancy here, because the Yakuts do not live on the coast of the Arctic Ocean. There are Chukchi people who really have a legend about the Onkilon people with whom they fought and even won.

We inquired about them and learned that all the Onkilons sailed away in 15 large kayaks. However, it is quite small, even for the uninhabited north, that such a number of people would associate with the people. Indeed, the legends clearly speak of the war between the Yakuts and the Onkilons.

The Chukchi first encountered Russians in the 17th century on the Alazeya River.

In 1644, the Cossack Mikhail Stadukhin, who was the first to deliver the news of them to Yakutsk, founded the Nizhnekolymsky prison. The Chukchi, who roamed at that time, both to the east and west of the Kolyma, after a bloody struggle finally left the left bank of the Kolyma, pushing the Eskimo tribe of Mamalls from the coast of the Arctic Ocean to the Bering Sea during their retreat. Since then, for more than a hundred years, bloody clashes between the Russians and the Chukchi, whose territory bordered on the Russian along the Kolyma River in the west and Anadyr in the south, from the Amur Territory, did not stop.

We inquired about the Battle on the Orlova River and found that it was an accurate presentation of the Chukchi epic about the struggle between the Chukchi and the Onkilons. What happened there should greatly shake the confidence of some jingoistic patriots in the invincibility of Russian weapons and the natural backwardness of the Chukchi.

The battle began with a firefight. The Cossacks began to shoot at the Chukchi with rifles, and they responded with a hail of arrows. There were many wounded on both sides. Then the Chukchi, using their numerical superiority and a position convenient for attack, quickly rushed at the enemy and engaged in hand-to-hand combat. According to the testimonies of the participants, the battle was rather long and fierce. The main weapon in it was a spear. Both sides showed great courage. Gradually, the onslaught of the enemy forced the Cossacks and Koryaks to begin a retreat towards the fortification of sleds they had left. The Chukchi pursued the retreating. Pavlutsky, according to eyewitnesses, holding a saber in his right hand and a gun in his left, fought bravely throughout the battle, but was also forced to withdraw with a small group. Apparently, he left the battlefield one of the last and was in the rearguard of the retreating. The Chukchi fired at him with bows and stabbed with spears, but could not pierce his iron shell. In the end, they roped him, knocked him to the ground and began to choke him. Realizing that death is inevitable, Pavlutsky himself unbuttoned his iron breastplate, and he was stabbed to death with a blow of a spear.

The Chukchi chased those fleeing to the very fortification of the sleigh, continuing to inflict damage on them. When the Russians and the Chukchi pursuing them reached the fortification, they saw about 50 reinforcements rushing to the aid of the defeated (apparently from the Kotkovsky detachment). The Chukchi did not engage in battle with them, stopped pursuing them and left. When the fighters, who were going to Pavlutsky's rescue, met the fleeing and learned that the major had already been killed, they also decided not to attack the Chukchi. The Russians did not come to the battlefield until the next day. There they found Pavlutsky's body without a helmet and armor, which had been removed by the Chukchi.

Well, as a reader, is there still a desire to tell jokes about the Chukchi? If so, listen to the loss.

The Russians lost 51 people killed. These were 8 initial people (including Major Pavlutsky himself), 32 servicemen and 11 Koryaks. One serviceman by the name of Kuznetsov was captured by the Chukchi. There is no exact information about the wounded from the Russian side. Perhaps most of them were finished off by the Chukchi and were counted among those killed. However, according to some testimonies, "only during the retreat were 13 servicemen and 15 Koryaks wounded." Since these casualties are counted separately, it is logical to assume that they survived. In this case, in addition to 51 killed and 1 prisoner, the Russians lost at least 28 more wounded and their total losses amounted to at least 80 people, which means that only 17 soldiers remained intact from the entire detachment. The Chukchi captured a banner, a cannon, a drum, 40 guns, 51 spears and many deer. The chain mail of Pavlutsky, captured by the Chukchi, was kept by them for a long time as a relic. In 1870, the Chukotka foreman, who inherited it from his grandfather, presented it to the Kolyma police chief, Baron G. Maydel.

Absolutely nothing is known about the losses of the Chukchi themselves. One cannot even assume whether they lost more or less Russians, and, therefore, it is impossible to draw a conclusion about how difficult or easy this victory was for them. Nevertheless, one should take into account the fact that having suffered heavy losses during the first attack on the enemy, the Chukchi usually did not continue the battle, but hastily retreated, which did not happen in the battle of Orlova. It is also logical to assume that if the losses of the Chukchi were excessively high, Russian sources would have noted this. However, there is no evidence to this effect either. All this gives reason to believe that the losses of the Chukchi were small, less than that of the Russians, and their victory was not "Pyrrhic."

But the loss of the major was crushing for Russia.

In 1771, after a number of military campaigns, including the unsuccessful campaign of Shestakov in 1730 and the defeat of the detachment of D. I. then burned, and his team was transferred to Nizhnekolymsk. The team sailed away on 15 planes, the very "big kayaks".

Meet the garrison of the Anadyr fortress and there are the very missing Onkilons, the remains of the settlements of which the Chukchi showed to Wrangel. It was them who owned the abandoned dugouts, covered with whale ribs and earth, completely unlike the Chukchi dwellings … Dugouts, as you know, are an invention of the Russian people. The Chukchi live in a chum.

Ethnos has preserved this battle in an epic retelling.

Before the Chukchi and Onkilons lived peacefully. But between the leader of the Onkilons, Krehai (Kurakhov is a Cossack centurion) and the head of the Chukchi Yerrim, enmity began, which turned into a war of tribes. Krehai was defeated and hid in the rocks. Then he reached the boat at night and, in order to deceive the pursuers, first sailed to the east, then turned to the west and landed at Shalaurov Island. On this island he lived in a dugout (its ruins were shown to Wrangel), waiting for his relatives. When - all of them gathered, the Russian Onkilons sailed on fifteen large canoes to the land, which can be seen on a clear day from Cape Yakan.

Meet the LAND OF SANNIKOV in the Chukchi legends about the Onkilons - Wrangel Island. It was about her that the industrialist Sannikov heard legends from the Chukchi, however, being on an expedition to the Novosibirsk Islands, he expected to see her there. What is this reason for confidence, I will explain later.

But then, many researchers saw that the birds also flew somewhere? You have no idea, readers, how hard it is for me to part with the legend of the Sannikov land. What is Krestovsky performed by Oleg Dahl alone ?! And Mahmud Isambaev in the dance of a shaman at the sacred lake of the Onkilons, and Vitsin - a seeker of gold for his benefactor? But, you yourself have waited, gentlemen, that the opera has taken up the matter. Now dry the biscuits, the disease ones. Agree that there is nothing more pleasant if a prison employee calls your home phone number in the morning, instructing you to prepare a cell for new guests. The mood for the whole day is guaranteed. The best that can come out of you is the word "Ouch!" I will not say anything about the rest of the selection.

On August 13, 1886, Baron de Tolle recorded in his diary:

“The horizon is perfectly clear. In the direction to the northeast, we clearly saw the outlines of the four mesas, which in the east connected with the low-lying land. Thus, Sannikov's message was fully confirmed. We have the right, therefore, to draw a dotted line in the appropriate place on the map and write on it: "Sannikov Land"

Why are we sure that de Tol is looking at this land from the New Siberian Islands? Whoever read his diary, which, according to the will, was given to his widow?

Emmeline Toll published her husband's diary in 1909 in Berlin. In the USSR, in a heavily truncated form, it was translated from German in 1959.

Tol looks at this land from the northern end of Kotelny Island and sees the New Siberian Islands in front of him. Modern historians have simply confused the island of New Siberia with the archipelago of the New Siberian Islands, on which neither Sannikov nor Tol was present. They are indeed northeast of the observation point. Both of them saw the same islands, and Toll in 1902 landed on one of them, Bennett Island, which was discovered by de Long in 1881.

Three months after the discovery of the islands, De Long, trying to get out of the islands to the mainland, died in the Lena River area. Apparently, Tol also died.

This man aspired to the New Siberian Islands, considering them the land of Sannikov, not knowing that they had been discovered for 20 years by de Long, who nowhere describes the land in the northeast. Next is the ocean.

Are you an upset reader? Do not! We found another Sannikov land that Sannikov himself could not see. After all, he had never been to the New Siberian Islands.

The point was set by researchers of the last century. First, in 1937, the team of the Soviet icebreaker "Sadko" bypassed the place of the supposed Earth from all sides - south, north, east. Apart from ice, nothing was found. At the request of Academician Vladimir Obruchev, who is known to the general public as the author of the fantastic novel "Sannikov Land", Arctic aviation planes are sent to the region. The titanic efforts to find Earth have yielded results. He's negative! Sannikov Land does not exist!

But what about the divers with their information about the emerging and disappearing islands?

We talked with the polar explorers, fortunately, the author also has some connections there. In the north, there are many graduates of my burs, where it came to me to gnaw the granite of science.

Here's what these people say:

“Like most of the New Siberian Islands, which eventually disappeared (Vasilievsky, Semenovsky, Mercury, Diomede), the mysterious and disappearing islands are permafrost with a relatively small layer of soil. Now such islands are simply melting. But they also appear. Obviously, with the sinking of some, from the bottom of the ocean, other ice and silt squeezed out by the sedimentary mass rise.

Many Arctic islands do not consist of rocks, but of permafrost, on top of which a fairly high layer of soil has been deposited over many millennia. But over time, the sea element, undermining the coast, gradually "eats up" the entire island. And it literally dissolves in water.

It is known that a number of islands in the Laptev Sea existed, but eventually disappeared. Figurin Island, discovered in 1821 by the expedition of Peter Anjou, disappeared at the beginning of the last twentieth century. The islands of Vasilievsky and Diamida went under water during the Second World War. And the Semyonovsky Island disappeared in 1955 right in front of the sailors of the Lag ship. They went to light a lighthouse on the island, and were shocked when, not finding the island, they accidentally saw the top of the lighthouse slowly sinking under the water.

The largest number of missing islands is observed in the area of a huge bank, located northeast of the New Siberian Islands. Quite recently, there were heavy fogs, and sailors often saw islands full of birds there. It will seem surprising to the reader, but the closer to the pole, the higher the temperature. Unfortunately, we did not understand this effect, but I suspect that this is the result of the rotting of centuries-old silt, since I do not believe in the existing theory of the origin of volcanoes. I wrote about this in a series of miniatures, one of which is called "Who created Vesuvius?" And it is also the economic activity of man and the answer to it of the planet Earth. Today the Arctic is not the same as in the days of the Tolya and the Laptevs.

Today, there is nothing in the place of this bank - just a bare sea. The fogs stopped there in 1965. From that moment on, birds no longer fly in that direction.

Well, my dear Onkilons. It's time to finish the miniature. And although I have smashed another legend of humanity, I cannot help being satisfied with myself and my colleagues. We again showed a high class of operational skills, having shoveled mountains of literature, archival data, expedition reports, having held many conversations with polar explorers. Of course, all this cannot be placed in a small volume of miniatures, but for those who want to figure it out on their own, this information will be enough to choose the right direction in their research.

Curious travelers, thirsty for adventure street children, wandering dervishes, they are fakirs, restless souls of pioneers! You are all united by the desire for discovery.

The taste of the road, its unexpected turns and hiking songs, beckon with their adventure, promising a lot of impressions.

Unexplored streets, the smell of a roadside cafe, deep sky and the muse of wanderings, sitting on your knees, looks into your tired eyes, assessing your strength for new achievements. This is Love! The one that many dream of.

Whether in a fashionable room overlooking a deep night in another metropolis, in a lonely tent fluttering under the seven winds, or in a hammock nailed to the wall of a cliff - you feel good with this fairy who has fallen in love with you since early childhood. A thousand lights of the endless Milky Way, witnesses of your happiness, are peering with interest into the very heart of the person who has made a halt, among the roads they have not traveled …

The majestic pictures of the universe, the creations of human hands, the secrets of the universe, pulsating cobwebs of roads, cars, flickering impressions and hope for success - the eyes are closed.

All strength is given to love. Dream.

Morning breakfast, and the ears again get used to all the languages of the world, and we are all different, we are all black and white, red and yellow, eastern and western, continental and island, we are all united by the morning aroma of food. A washed, smiling Muse will keep you company here too, opening with her smile a new one that is completely different from other days.

In my head again ideas, schedules, arguments, excerpts of random phrases, images of new places, and somewhere completely on the edge of an agitated memory, a small but very important picture of my native yard, almost sacred.

Everything empty, unnecessary, unnecessary fades into the background and, looking around the horizon, a person takes the hand of a wandering friend, leaving his temporary shelter without regret.

The breath of the Earth, hanging over their heads with white clouds, the vapor of the vapors of its large body, the sun path running towards the horizon, dissolve a couple of adventurers, and only drops of water that have flown from the blade of an elastic oar fly for an infinitely long time in a piercing drop of time.

At such a moment, not a bit sorry for the past minutes, and one should shout in all directions, what is urine about what is bubbling inside and bursting out.

Go, go to the goal, by all means, not being afraid of difficulties, believing in victory, enduring disappointments and failures, and live, live a full life in anticipation of a miracle. And it will happen, it will surely come, sweeping away from the memory all the bad and evil. This will happen at a long-awaited halt, when a person, exhausted by the day, falls asleep under the stars, resting his head on the lap of the Muse of Wanderings.

The roads of our life are good because we have them …

Palms of the sky between the branches

The young people are seen off on their way.

Rooted trail

Runs between the leaves of gold.

The fragrant forest is rich in mushrooms

The casket is definitely painted

Crimson, gold, pearls

Decorated his unearthly world.

Are silent under the blue sky

Luxurious surprise halls

Rows of fluttering aspens

Everything is in unprecedented gilding.

The end-to-end web is flying

Like the gospel of days gone by

Beautiful autumn picture

And there is no stranger in the world.

Everything is open! Look, marvel!

All the breadth is available for review

Here the age-old sky is high

Looks into the lakes with a smile

What is the fabulous palace

Erected by the wondrous nature!

On the forest paths, Boyar Dumas, there is a breed.