Video: On what did the French kings take the oath?
2024 Author: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-01-10 19:46
The answer to this question is surprising - the oath was given in the Reims Bible (Texte du sacre), which was written in two types of Slavic writing - the initial and the verb, and is still considered a shrine in France.
What is this Bible and what is it famous for? The historian M. Pogodin writes that “Charles of Lorraine, who enjoyed special respect and power of attorney from King Henry II of France, was sent by him in 1547 for Church affairs to Rome, to Pope Paul III. It can be assumed that it was on this journey that he obtained this manuscript. It is only certain that it appeared in France under the Cardinal of Lorraine, i.e. between 1545 and 1574 . Charles, as Archbishop of Reims, donated it as a gift to his cathedral on the eve of Easter in 1574. An expensive binding was made for the manuscript with enclosures of holy relics and precious adornments. Here the Gospel was kept as a mysterious oriental manuscript on which the kings of France began to take the oath. Cardinal Karl of Lorraine himself wore this manuscript during solemn processions on his chest as a great shrine.
The French kings who took the oath on it since 1552 were as follows: in 1559 - Francis II; in 1561 - Charles IX, son of Catherine de Medici; in 1575 - his brother Henry III; in 1589 - Henry IV (the first of the Bourbons) for some reason deviated from this tradition; in 1610 - Louis XIII; in 1654 - Louis XIV, later also Louis XV and XVI. The tradition was interrupted by the French Revolution.
In 1717, Emperor Peter I arrived in France on state affairs. Traveling to different cities of this country, on June 27, he visited the ancient city of Reims, the traditional place of the coronation of French kings. In Reims Cathedral, Catholic priests, showing special attention to the distinguished guest, showed him their relic - an old strange book written in mysterious, incomprehensible signs.
Peter took the book in his hands and, to the surprise of those present, began to freely read aloud to the shocked clergy the first part of the manuscript. The emperor explained that this is a Church Slavonic text. As for the second part, neither the royal guest, nor his entourage could read it. The French were amazed at what had happened, and this story was recorded as one of the most remarkable events when Peter I visited France.
Just a few years later, on June 18, 1726, the envoy of Tsar Peter I, passing through Reims to the Aachen waters, examined the sacristy of the Reims Cathedral together with his secretary. They were also shown the famous Gospel, which they not only read very easily, but even translated, at the request of a canon of Rheims, the first page. The king's messenger could not read the second part. He said that this book contains Gospel readings in Slavonic, but very ancient writing. Only in 1789, the English traveler Ford-Gill, having seen one Glagolitic book in the Vienna Library, realized that the second part of the Reims Gospel was written in Glagolitic.
The further history of the Reims Gospel is as follows: during the Great French Revolution in 1793, at the behest of the First Consul of France, Napoleon Bonaparte, all manuscripts, including the Reims Gospel, were transferred to the municipal library of the city of Reims. Here it was kept in perfect order, depriving only of all jewelry, jewelry and holy relics. Since 1799 in Russia, this manuscript was considered irretrievably lost, until the Russian scientist A. I. Turgenev in 1835, examining foreign archives, discovered its location.
Now this relic is still kept in the Reims City Library. “It is written on parchment and consists of 47 leaves, of which 45 are written on both sides, and the other two are blank. It is intertwined in two planks of oak wood and upholstered in dark red morocco. Jewelry belongs to the genus of Byzantine art of the 9th or 10th century. The manuscript is often decorated with ornaments. There are flowers, leaves, human images."
The first part of the manuscript is nothing more than a fragment of the Bulgarian Gospel, written in half-ustav, and it consists of 16 leaves. The beginning of the manuscript has been lost.
For the semi-statutory type, see the article by Alexey Artemiev "Deep books of antiquity - a fake! Proof and justification"
The second part, consisting of 29 sheets, is written in verb and incorporates Sunday readings from the New Testament (from the Color Week to the Annunciation) according to the rite of the Roman Catholic Church. The Czech scribe introduced Czechisms into the Glagolitic part, so that it belongs to the Croatian-Czech version. On the text of the Glagolitic alphabet there is an inscription in French: “The Lord's Summer 1395. This Gospel and Epistle are written in the Slavic language. They must be sung throughout the year when the bishop's service is performed. As for the other part of this book, it corresponds to the Russian rite. It was written by St. Prokop, abbot, and this Russian text was donated by the late Charles IV, Emperor of the Roman Empire, to perpetuate St. Jerome and St. Prokop. God give them eternal rest. Amen.
In France, this manuscript is known as le Texte du Sacre (sacred text) and is still considered a popular shrine.
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