Elongated skulls and trepanation - what is the answer?

2024 Author: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 15:55

A number of peoples still have a rather strange, in our opinion, custom of head deformation. With the help of various tricks, which boil down to limiting the development of the cranium, representatives of these peoples achieve an unnatural head shape. Since the growth of the cranium is much slower than that of other bones of the skeleton, and with age the bones of the skull become less susceptible to external influences, in order to obtain a deformed shape, "living head sculptors" have to "work with the material" for a rather long time and start from early childhood. blanks ". Below are images of such head deformation by the tribes of the Congo, Sudan and the New Hebrides (Western Pacific):

As archaeological finds show, this custom was widespread enough and goes back to deep antiquity. For example, traces of the practice of deformation can be traced on both American continents. In North America, skull deformation can be traced among the Maya and various other tribes. Moreover, it was practiced until very recently.

It is characteristic that in some places the practice of skull deformation was very widespread. For example, on the artificial island of Haina, now separated from the Yucatan Peninsula by a narrow strip of water from 10 to 100 meters, in one of the burial grounds out of 24 surviving skulls of adults, 13 were male - in eight cases there is deliberate cranial deformity. 11 were female, of which only four cases have a deliberate deformity of the skull. In general, the ratio of deformed and undeformed skulls is 12:12. In most cases, the deformity is traditional for the Maya frontal-occipital in nature, but sometimes it even reaches the nose.

The practice of deformation was also very widespread in South America, which can be found in a number of cultures of this continent - Chavin, Lauricoca, Paracas, Nazca, Puerto Moorin, Incas, etc.

There is a version that even the well-known moai of Easter Island depict figures with an elongated head, and their strange reddish "headdresses" are actually just hair, under which this elongated head shape is hidden.

Thus, the practice of deforming the head has (and had in the past) a very wide geography. At the same time, a certain pattern can be traced: with all the variety of methods and forms of influence on the shape of the cranium (from tight dressings-caps to special structural wooden devices), the desire to achieve only one result of deformation is clearly dominant - an elongated head.

A completely natural question arises: what are the origins of such a massive (and uniform in all regions!) Striving for an elongated head shape? contributes to the occurrence of recurrent headaches and seriously increases the risk of negative consequences for mental and physical health in general.

The official history does not give any exhaustive answer to this question, attributing everything only to a cult ceremony with an incomprehensible motivation. However, even with all the real power of the influence of religion and cult on the entire way of life of people, it is clearly not enough. There must be a very powerful incentive for such a "fanatical desire for ugliness". And the incentive is quite stable, given the ubiquity and duration of this "tradition".

Recently, more and more researchers are leaning towards the neurophysiological version. Changing the shape of the skull also affects various areas of the cerebral cortex, which contributes to the change in certain characteristics and skills of a person. Serious research in this area has not even begun yet. But even without them, among the tribes still practicing deformation of the skull, something has not been noticed any special positive shifts in mental abilities. Yes, and clergymen (shamans and priests), for whom the ability, for example, to fall into a trance or enter into meditation, is very important, do not at all strive to deform the skull.

An alternative to academic science version was voiced by Daniken - a supporter of the version of the real existence of the ancient "gods" who were representatives of an alien civilization and, quite possibly, had some physiological differences from the representatives of the terrestrial race. In this version, the gods had an elongated head shape, and people sought to "become like the gods." Are there any objective grounds for such an option?.. It turns out that there is.

Among the elongated skulls in South America, there have been found those that may well pretend to be the skulls … of the "gods" themselves!

These skulls were photographed by Robert Connolly during his travels around the world, during which he collected various materials about ancient civilizations. The discovery of these skulls came as a surprise to him. Robert Conolly published photographs of these skulls, as well as the results of his research on a separate CD-ROM, titled "The Search for Ancient Wisdom" in 1995.

The first thing that catches your eye is the abnormal shape and size, which have nothing to do with the skull of a modern person except for the most general features ("box" for the brain, jaw, holes for the eyes and nose) …

The fact is that during the deliberate deformation of human skulls, it is possible to change the shape of the cranium, but not its volume. The above photographs show skulls that are almost twice the size of an ordinary human skull (you can see this in the sketches next to the photo)!

(For the sake of fairness, it should be noted that among people there are cases of an increased size of the cranium in some diseases. However, with a similar degree of deviation of the size of the head from normal size, people are close to the state of a "vegetable" and do not live up to an adult state.)

Unfortunately, although for those who admit the possibility of the real existence of the ancient "gods" in the flesh, the version voiced by Daniken is straightforward, it does not stray too far from the interpretation of a strange tradition as a cult ceremony …

Of course, imitation of a real prototype is much better consistent with the fact of uniformity of the shape of deformation over a vast territory, covering almost all continents, than the desire to imitate an invented cult image, but is it still possible to go a little further?..

Let us turn to one more phenomenon, also associated with the impact on the cranium, namely: craniotomy since ancient times.

The fact of successful trepanation operations in ancient times (the Daily Telegraph recently reported on the discovery of a skull with traces of trepanation on the banks of the Thames, dating from 1750-1610 BC) is already considered reliably established. The fact is that, firstly, the nature of the holes during trepanation differs sharply from the wounds inflicted upon impact with any weapon - there are no cracks in the skull around the hole. And secondly, it is possible to determine definitely the patient's survival after such an operation. Surgeons and anthropologists know that in the case of a successful trepanation, that is, when the patient manages not to die, the opening in the skull is gradually closed by the regenerating bone tissue. If there are no signs of healing on the skull, this means that the patient died during the operation or shortly after it. In this case, traces of bone inflammation are possible along the edges of the hole.

There is nothing particularly surprising in trepanation itself. Certain cranial surgeries were widespread among various ancient peoples throughout the world; first of all, these are a series of small holes in the back of the occiput - they were drilled to reduce intracranial pressure. In addition, as the researchers note, in ancient times it was believed that trepanation helps relieve headaches. Some thought that evil spirits were the cause of epilepsy and mental illness, and that if a hole was made in the skull, they would fly away.

However, for the American continents, as in the case of deformation of the skulls, a downright manic tendency towards trepanation is characteristic.

Sometimes trepanation was carried out even several times per head. Judging by the traces of overgrowth of the holes (bone regeneration), people who underwent this extraordinary operation, as a rule, survived.

"There are several techniques of trepanation: gradual scraping of the bone; cutting out a certain area of the skull in a circle; drilling holes in a circle and then" removing the cap. "As a rule, the hole diameter is from 25 to 30 mm. successive trepanations: next to the first, with traces of overgrowth, a second hole was made, which also began to close. However, the ancient surgeon did not calm down and cut a third hole right next to these two. This attempt turned out to be fatal - there are no traces of bone restoration in this case. was carried out on the right temporal lobe. Another curious case was observed on the skull with trepanation right in the center of the crown - where psychics determine the exit of the main energy channel. Neurosurgeons are well aware that this is where the most vulnerable part of the brain is located. Was this known to the ancient Zapotec physician before the beginning of the operation, we do not know. They are true only in one thing: the death of the patient was instantaneous "(G. Ershova," Ancient America: Flight in Time and Space ").

In Mesoamerica, with a similar lifestyle of different peoples, the Zapotecs in Oaxaca were fond of trepanation, but they did not reach such a scale as the inhabitants of the South American Paracas, where different techniques were widely used: square or rectangular plates were cut out, which were then taken out; holes were drilled in the outlined circle, or a bone was cut off. Sometimes the holes were covered with a thin gold plate.

By the way, in one of the Paracas burials, a set of surgical instruments from that distant era was even found. These were obsidian implements of various sizes with traces of blood. In addition, there was also a spoon made of a sperm whale tooth wrapped in cotton threads, a piece of cloth, bandages and threads.

In Paracas, a kind of "record" was also set: trepanned skulls are found in almost half of the cases - from 40% to 60% !!!

Obviously, this percentage exceeds all reasonable limits. First, even with the current level of development of knowledge about the brain and neurosurgery, it is unlikely that there will be such a number of people (even 40%) who have undergone operations involving opening the skull. And secondly, it is obvious that it is quite problematic to engage in vigorous activity with a perforated head; those. for quite a long time, both the "perforated" ones themselves and those caring for them inevitably dropped out of the process of providing the tribe with everything necessary (this is not of fundamental importance for single cases, but for the mass practice of trepanation, this factor also cannot be discounted). So what could have caused such sado-masochistic mass insanities?..

“Most of the trepanations were done in the region of the left temporal lobe. The famous energy therapist L. P. Grimak believes that in this way the ancients, apparently, tried to suppress the left hemisphere of the brain for the natural activation of the right "extrasensory" hemisphere, which has extremely archaic, so-called "paranormal" abilities - such as clairvoyance, vision of the future, etc. Predictions - that is, forecasting the future - have played an exceptional role in Native American cultures. Some, such as the Maya, predicted and prophesied with the help of plant psychedelics in a state of ecstasy (this is also a form of activation of the right hemisphere of the brain), others used hypnosis for these purposes. Zapotecs tried to solve the problem of brain activation in the most radical way, worthy of such famous neurophysiologists as I. P. Pavlov or V. M. Bekhterev "(G. Ershova," Ancient America: Flight in Time and Space ").

However, this hypothesis has a number of flaws. First, it makes no sense to resort to such radical methods to achieve a state of altered consciousness, when it is possible to achieve the same state in a much simpler way using the same psychedelics that are widespread in both North and South America. Secondly, how many soothsayers and fortune-tellers are needed per tribe?.. As ethnographic studies show, primitive tribes make do with one or two shamans. And even ancient civilizations, which have moved away from a completely primitive state, cannot afford the "luxury" of excluding from the social process up to half of the population, which as a result of operations has altered consciousness!.. And thirdly, everywhere shamans, fortune-tellers and soothsayers use their attitude and occupy a fairly high position in the social hierarchy (if there is social stratification in the community). And here, on both American continents, there is a clearly opposite trend!..

For example, in the Mesoamerican Monte Alban (the center of the Zapotec civilization), archaeologists discovered many dead bodies, in whose skulls drilled or cut holes were made during their lifetime. Burials with trepanned skulls differed from ordinary ones: as a rule, they were found under the floors of small dwellings, and the victims of ancient neurosurgical experiments themselves belonged to representatives of low social status.

In South America, there are often cases of burying trepanned heads separately from the body, to which a pumpkin was placed instead of the head. For peoples who believe in an afterlife, this means only one thing - depriving the deceased of the possibility of this very afterlife!.. Is such "irreversible punishment" compatible with a high social status?.. Perhaps, of course. But not on a massive scale!..

By the way, if trepanation was carried out for therapeutic purposes, one would expect the absence of such social inequality, and, at least, the absence of such a social bias in this direction - carrying out complex operations on representatives of the lower social strata of society.

At the same time, researchers note another social imbalance: deformities of the skull were practiced mainly by the noble (!) Maya.

And, finally, one more fact: among the images of deformed skulls there is not a single trepanned one !!!

That is: for the representatives of the peoples who practiced both deformation and trepanation, there was not a rich choice - either to suffer in childhood, having undergone the painful procedure of changing the shape of the head, or to be constantly at risk of being subjected to a much more painful (and more risky) trepanation procedure. There were very few chances to keep your head intact, judging by the scale of the deformation and trepanation operations performed …

Here's a simple and powerful incentive for the strange procedure for deforming skulls!..

And the question of the deformation of the skulls closes up with the question of the causes of mass trepanations, for the answer to which, within the framework of the version of the "egg-headed gods", it remains to take only one step - to assume that it was not people who were engaged in neurosurgical experiments, but those very "egg-headed gods" (with this can even leave aside the problem of their terrestrial or extraterrestrial origin). With this assumption, it is possible to find a reasonable explanation for all the details and facts. But first, there is one more point to consider.

The mythology of, perhaps, all peoples of the world and various religions indicate that the ancient "gods" entered into sexual relations with people, after which, naturally, hybrids - "half-breeds" were born. It is clear that with such a genetic mixing, such half-breeds and offspring inevitably had to periodically manifest the genes for "egg-head", that is. an elongated skull is observed. And it is quite natural that individuals with elongated skulls, as "descendants of the all-powerful gods," occupied a higher social position. For example, the skull of a woman found in the so-called. the crypt of the queen in Palenque had an elongated shape.

People themselves are not addicted to the dilemma of a monstrous choice between transformation and trepanation - they are placed in the conditions of this choice under the influence of the outside from the "egg-headed gods". To avoid experiments with trepanation, people tried to "disguise" their children as children of "gods".

Cruel version?..

But how, tell me, the neurosurgical experiments of gods on people differ from those experiments that people themselves conduct in laboratories on mice, dogs and even monkeys? … Then why shouldn't the gods have the same "excuse"? Only in relation to themselves …

As a result, it turns out that elongated skulls can relate to three options at once: 1) the skulls of the "egg-headed gods" themselves; 2) the skulls of their half-blood descendants; 3) the skulls of people "disguised" as gods by means of artificial deformation. And according to the available characteristic features - in the form of a difference in the volume of the cranium, shape, traces of external influence, etc. - it is quite possible to single out the skulls of each group from the total mass of finds. But this is a challenge for future research …

One more mystery remains for the future: skulls of a completely different shape. There are very few of them, but they are!..

Video on the topic: similar skulls in Omsk

In Mexico:

DNA ANALYSIS OF ELONGATED SKULLS. INCREDIBLE RESULTS

Paracas is a desert peninsula located in the Province of Pisco, on the southern coast of Peru.

It was here that the Peruvian archaeologist, Julio Tello, made an astonishing discovery in 1928 - a massive cemetery containing tombs with elongated skulls. They are known as the "Skulls of Paracas".

Tello's find consists of more than 300 elongated skulls, which are believed to date back about 3,000 years ago.

There was a lot of controversy over this find. There are a lot of versions and hypotheses. It would seem, what is easier, to do a DNA analysis and see if these are human skulls or not.

But for a long time, certain forces from pseudo-scientific circles hindered the establishment of the truth.

And finally, DNA analysis was carried out on one of the skulls and expert Brien Foerster released preliminary information about these mysterious turtles.

It is well known that most cases of skull lengthening are the result of artificial skull deformation.

This is usually accomplished by tying the head between two pieces of wood, or bandaging with a cloth.

However, while the deformity of the skull changes the shape of the skull, it does not change its volume, weight, or other features that are characteristic of the normal human skull.

But as for the "Skulls of Paracas", they have volumes up to 25 percent larger, and 60 percent heavier than ordinary human skulls, that is, they could not have just been deliberately deformed.

They also contain only one parietal plate, rather than two as in humans. The fact that the shapes of these skulls are not the result of deformation means that the real reason for this shape is a mystery, and has been for decades.

Mr. Juan Navarro, owner and director of the local museum, named Paracas as a history museum that has a collection of 35 Paracas skulls. 5 samples of the skull were taken.

The samples consisted of hair, including roots, teeth, skulls, bones and skin, and this process was carefully documented using photos and videos. The samples were sent to Lloyd Pye, the founder of the Starchild Project, who delivered the samples to geneticists in Texas for DNA analysis.

The results are now ready and Brian Foerster, the author of over ten books alone, has shown preliminary analysis results.

He talks about the findings of geneticists:

“It was an mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA) mutation of an unknown creature: human, primate, or animal, still unknown.

But some fragments show that we are dealing with new creatures, very far from Homo sapiens, Neanderthals and Denisovans."

"The implications are enormous."

“I'm not sure if they even belong to known evolutionary trees,” wrote the geneticist.

He added that if Paracas humans were so biologically different, they would not have been able to interbreed with humans.

The results should be repeated and more analyzes done before final conclusions.

Translation material. A source

Three new elongated skulls discovered in Antarctica

Smithsonian archaeologist Damian Waters and his team have discovered three elongated skulls in the Paille region of Antarctica, according to americanlivewire.com. The discovery came as a complete surprise to the world of archeology, as skulls are the first human remains found in Antarctica and it was believed that the continent had never been visited by humans until modern times.

“We just can't believe it! We didn't just find human remains in Antarctica, we found elongated skulls! I have to pinch myself every time I wake up, I just can't believe it! This will force us to reconsider our view of the history of mankind as a whole! - Excitedly explains M. Waters

As you know, previously elongated skulls were found in Peru and Egypt, which suggests that ancient civilizations came into contact long before the history books tell us.

But this discovery is absolutely incredible. It shows that there was contact thousands of years ago between civilizations in Africa, South America and Antarctica.

Elongated skulls are believed to have resulted from deliberate deformation. Children of the elite in many ancient cultures were subjected to the procedure, a spokesman for the Smithsonian Institution in New York tells us.

This was achieved by tightly wrapping the baby's head, when the skull was still unsteady, with a cloth. This characteristic was used to confer distinction on the upper classes of society over the lower ones.

However, many say that these elongated skulls are much larger than normal human skulls. Targeted deformity of the skull can change the shape of the skull, but it cannot increase its volume.

In addition, these skulls have quite a few other important physical characteristics that make them significantly different from normal human skulls.

This knowledge is incredibly important, regardless of whether these skulls are human or belong to some other kind of humanoid. It is important that they help to unravel the history of our past. There is no doubt that the skulls belonged to an incredibly mysterious group of people.

Previously, similar skulls were found in Peru.

Similar skulls were found by Rostov archaeologists in the city of Tanais. “The skulls belonged to creatures of small stature, whose head was strongly elongated.

From comments on the internet:

Many such skulls were discovered during the Soviet era in the Volga region and the Urals. They were also exhibited in museums. The official version (which few people believed) was widespread: they say, the Sarmatians artificially lengthened the skulls … In the mid-80s, forensic experts analyzed a dozen skulls. Their conclusion was unambiguous: the skulls were not artificially deformed, and these remains are most likely an unknown species of people. After that, the skulls from museums disappeared somewhere …

… I have repeatedly seen such skulls in the Saratov Museum of Local Lore in my youth. There was a lot of interesting stuff. When I arrived in Russia in the mid-90s, and went to that very museum, I did not find much. I talked with the heads of the museum on various aspects, and asked about the skulls. Their eyes crawled out on their foreheads: they say, we did not even imagine that there could be such …

Additional Materials on the topic:

Inca craniotomy

Skeletons of another species